### Show Notes: Transition to Zero Podcast Episode with Paul Comfort **Host:** Jared Schnader   **Guest:** Paul Comfort, Senior Vice President and Chief Customer Officer at Modaxo, Transit Unplugged Podcast and TV Show Host, Bestselling Author --- **Introduction (00:18 - 01:39)**   **Host Introduction:** Jared Schnader, Bus Lead for CalSTART.   **Guest Introduction:** Paul Comfort, over 30 years of transit experience, former CEO of Maryland Transit Authority, bestselling author of six books, host of Transit Unplugged podcast and TV show, SVP and Chief Customer Officer at Modaxo. **Interview Begins (01:39 - 01:42)**   **Jared Schnader:** Welcomes Paul Comfort.   **Paul Comfort:** Expresses excitement for the conversation. --- **Career Journey and Early Challenges (01:42 - 04:18)**   **Jared Schnader:** Asks Paul how he got into transit.   **Paul Comfort:** Shares his story of starting in local government after a failed run for county commissioner, taking a low-paying job as a transportation coordinator, and developing a passion for public transportation. Discusses financial struggles early in his career, emphasizing the importance and underappreciation of public sector work. **Current Excitement in Transit (04:18 - 05:57)**   **Jared Schnader:** Asks what excites Paul about transit today.   **Paul Comfort:** Highlights the rapid technological advancements in public mobility, such as AI and autonomous vehicles, and the personal fulfillment he gets from helping improve people's lives through public transit. --- **Zero Emission Technologies and Industry Challenges (05:57 - 09:20)**   **Jared Schnader:** Focuses on zero-emission technologies in transit and asks Paul what he sees happening in this space.   **Paul Comfort:** Notes the global trend towards lower emissions and zero-emission buses, mentions political and practical efforts to adopt cleaner fuels, and highlights challenges such as the collapse of the American OEM industry affecting bus availability. **Impact of OEM Industry Collapse (08:42 - 09:20)**   **Jared Schnader:** Inquires about the impact of OEM industry issues on transit agencies.   **Paul Comfort:** Describes agencies borrowing buses and struggling to find parts, highlighting a critical issue in the transit sector. --- **Technological and International Innovations (10:23 - 12:52)**   **Jared Schnader:** Asks about interesting international or domestic innovations Paul has seen.   **Paul Comfort:** Points to high-speed rail and advanced battery technologies as significant innovations. Discusses the challenges and potential of high-speed rail in the U.S. and the promise of new battery technologies. **Hydrogen and Future Technologies (12:52 - 13:45)**   **Jared Schnader:** Discusses the potential of hydrogen fuel technology.   **Paul Comfort:** Expresses optimism about hydrogen hubs and supports a diversified approach to transitioning to greener technologies. **Experiences with International Transit Systems and Potential U.S. Changes (13:45 - 16:21)**   **Jared Schnader:** Raises concerns about workforce training for emerging technologies and potential knowledge gaps.   **Paul Comfort:** Emphasizes the importance of effective leadership and structured training programs in adapting to new technologies, sharing his own experiences in improving training at various agencies. Discusses efficient transit systems in Europe and the need for policy changes to encourage better transit systems in the U.S. **Public Works, Political Will, and Impact of Litigation (16:21 - 19:45)**   **Paul Comfort:** Reflects on historical public works projects and the difference in execution between countries with different governance structures. Discusses how litigation can slow down or halt public transportation projects in the U.S. and the high cost and prolonged timelines of projects in the current U.S. regulatory environment. **Leadership in Transit Agencies (19:45 - 22:00)**   **Paul Comfort:** Highlights the traits of successful transit leaders, including the ability to navigate political landscapes and manage various aspects of transit operations. Emphasizes the importance of understanding funding mechanisms and dedicated funding sources. --- **Insights from Transit Unplugged Podcast and TV Show (22:00 - End)**   **Paul Comfort:** Shares learnings from interviewing over 300 guests and visiting transit systems on six continents. Discusses memorable interviews and the role of the podcast and TV show in facilitating information exchange within the public transportation community. Highlights the difference between the podcast and TV show audiences and objectives. **Closing Remarks**   **Jared Schnader:** Thanks Paul Comfort for his insights and participation.   **Paul Comfort:** Expresses appreciation for the opportunity to discuss important transit topics. --- **Key Takeaways:** 1. **Paul Comfort's Background:** Extensive experience in transit, significant contributions to the field, and ongoing involvement in promoting public transportation. 2. **Technological Advancements:** Excitement about the rapid pace of technological change in public mobility. 3. **Zero Emission Initiatives:** Widespread movement towards cleaner transportation options, despite industry challenges. 4. **Training and Workforce Development:** Critical need for effective training programs to support the transition to new technologies in transit. 5. **International Transit Insights:** Learning from efficient transit systems abroad and advocating for policy changes in the U.S. --- **Resources:** - **Transit Unplugged Podcast:** [Link to Podcast](https://www.transitunplugged.com) - **CalSTART:** [CalSTART Website](https://www.calstart.org) - **Paul Comfort’s Books:** Available on Amazon and other major retailers. --- For more episodes and updates, visit our [website](https://www.transitiontozero.com) and follow us on [social media](https://www.socialmedia.com/transitiontozero). --- **Next Episode Teaser:** Join us next time as we dive into the latest advancements in zero-emission bus technology and how cities are adapting to greener transportation solutions. **Subscribe & Review:** If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe and leave a review on your favorite podcast platform. Your feedback helps us bring more valuable content to you!

### Show Notes for Episode: Transition to Zero **Host:** Jerge Schneider, BUS Team Leader, CalSTART   **Guest:** Mark Hoffman, Auburn University --- **Introduction:** - Host: Jared Schnader from CalSTART - Guest: Mark Hoffman from Auburn University **Main Topics Discussed:** 1. **Introduction to Mark Hoffman:**    - Background in vehicle energy systems.    - Experience at Clemson's International Center for Automotive Research and University of Michigan.    - Work at Auburn University for the past six years. 2. **Transit Bus Testing and Cybersecurity:**    - Auburn University's involvement in the Low and No Emission Component Assessment Program.    - Cybersecurity testing initiatives.    - Challenges with initial testing protocols and public results publication. 3. **Cybersecurity Concerns in Transit:**    - Addressing cybersecurity threats in transit vehicles.    - Potential vulnerabilities in automated and smart bus components.    - Examples of cybersecurity issues, such as RF noise interference and false telematics data. 4. **Industry Collaboration and Challenges:**    - Collaboration with OEMs and transit agencies for cybersecurity validation.    - The importance of third-party validation.    - Involvement of multiple stakeholders in improving transit bus cybersecurity. 5. **Auburn University's Broader Transit Research:**    - Development of a facility for real-world bus testing in various climates.    - Research on new materials for bus construction to improve efficiency.    - The role of Auburn's advanced polymer and additive manufacturing capabilities. 6. **Performance Specifications and Component Testing:**    - Creating performance metrics for low and no emission buses.    - The need for standardized component testing and performance assessment.    - Collaboration with Ohio State and leveraging work from the National Renewable Energy Lab. 7. **Future Directions and Industry Impact:**    - Importance of durability and life cycle maintenance cost assessment for new components.    - The potential for aggressive aging-based protocols for component testing.    - Ensuring industry-wide acceptance through collaborative protocol development. 8. **Engaging Students in Research:**    - Role of Auburn University students in transit research projects.    - Hands-on involvement in various research initiatives. **Conclusion:** - Recap of the discussion on cybersecurity, performance specifications, and research at Auburn University. - Emphasis on industry collaboration and the future of transit research. **Call to Action:** - Listeners are encouraged to stay tuned for future episodes and explore more about CalSTART and Auburn University’s transit research. --- **Contact Information:** - **CalSTART:** [Website](https://www.calstart.org) - **Auburn University:** [Website](https://www.auburn.edu) **Follow Us:** - **Twitter:** [@CalSTART](https://twitter.com/CalSTART) - **LinkedIn:** [CalSTART](https://www.linkedin.com/company/calstart) --- **Subscribe:** - Available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and other major podcast platforms.

Here are the show notes from the provided transcript: --- **Host: Jared Schnader (00:03.086)**   - **Introduction**:     - Jared Schnader, host of "Transition to Zero," welcomes everyone to the episode.     - He leads the bus team at Calstart, a national nonprofit consulting organization.     - Jared expresses gratitude to Brad Miller, CEO of Pinellas Suncoast Transit in St. Petersburg, Florida, for joining the show.     - This marks the second consecutive PSTA representative on the podcast. **Guest: Brad Miller (00:20.011)**   - **Response to Introduction**:     - Brad humorously acknowledges Jared's remarks about having consecutive guests from PSTA on the podcast.     - He expresses enthusiasm for being on the show and emphasizes the commitment to progress within PSTA.   **Host: Jared Schnader (00:39.726)**   - **Request for Overview of PSTA**:     - Jared asks Brad to provide an overview of Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority, including its location, fleet size, and operations. **Guest: Brad Miller (00:48.555)**   - **Overview of PSTA**:     - Brad introduces himself as the CEO of PSTA.   - Describes PSTA as a midsize transit agency on the west coast of Florida, operating approximately 250 buses and employing around 800 transit workers.   - Mentions the seasonal ridership surge during spring break and highlights PSTA's unique "wet bathing suit policy" due to trolley services.   - Highlights the success of the Sunrunner, PSTA's first bus rapid transit line, which has contributed to economic development.   - Expresses excitement about PSTA's growing fleet of zero-emission buses. **Host: Jared Schnader (02:22.286)**   - **Transition to Zero Emission Buses**:     - Jared transitions the discussion to zero-emission buses and acknowledges the absence of mandates in Florida compared to states like California. **Guest: Brad Miller (02:54.603)**   - **Approach to Zero Emission Transition**:     - Brad discusses PSTA's decision to transition to zero-emission buses despite the absence of mandates.   - Mentions advocacy from environmental groups and concerns about climate change and sea-level rise.   - Highlights PSTA's transition from diesel to hybrid electric buses and eventually to zero-emission buses since 2017. **Host: Jared Schnader (04:43.723)**   - **Discussion on Cost and Funding**:     - Jared discusses the significant costs associated with transitioning to zero-emission buses.   - Inquires about the role of government funding in PSTA's transition. **Guest: Brad Miller (07:02.734)**   - **Role of Government Funding**:     - Brad emphasizes the importance of federal, state, and local partnerships in funding PSTA's transition.   - Highlights competitive grants and support from the state of Florida, including VW Settlement Funds. **Host: Jared Schnader (09:39.243)**   - **Impact of PSTA's Transition**:     - Jared discusses PSTA's role as a leader in zero-emission bus adoption and its influence on other agencies.   - Inquires about the impact on public perception and adoption of zero-emission technologies. **Guest: Brad Miller (11:59.243)**   - **Community Impact**:     - Brad discusses the positive impact of PSTA's zero-emission buses on the community, including environmental benefits and influencing other public sector entities to adopt similar technologies. **Host: Jared Schnader (12:51.947)**   - **Discussion on Utility Partnership**:     - Jared inquires about PSTA's experience working with Duke Energy to establish charging infrastructure for electric buses. **Guest: Brad Miller (14:26.894)**   - **Utility Partnership and Infrastructure**:     - Brad discusses the positive relationship with Duke Energy and efforts to establish charging infrastructure, including considerations for resilience during hurricanes. **Host: Jared Schnader (16:36.459)**   - **Assessment of Zero-Emission Bus Deployment**:     - Jared inquires about PSTA's experience with battery electric buses and technological advancements in the field. **Guest: Brad Miller (19:04.427)**   - **Outcome of Zero-Emission Bus Deployment**:     - Brad discusses PSTA's positive experience with battery electric buses, including operational performance and technological advancements.   **Show Notes: Jared Schnader (19:16.814)** **Topic: Advancements in Zero Emission Bus Technology and Community Reception** **Key Points:** 1. **Maturity of Zero Emission Bus Technology:**    - Jared mentions a question he received regarding the maturity of zero emission bus technology. He highlights the commitment of major players like Gillig and New Flyer to transition a significant portion of their production lines to zero emission buses by 2025.    - He emphasizes that with companies like Ride (formerly BYD) and Proterra leading the charge, zero emission buses are becoming increasingly prevalent in the industry. 2. **Operational Savings and Technological Advancements:**    - Brad supports Jared's perspective, noting the operational savings achieved through zero emission buses, particularly in contrast to diesel fuel costs.    - He underscores the significant advancements in battery range, with newer buses boasting twice the range compared to earlier models, making them more cost-effective and practical for transit agencies. 3. **Continuous Improvement and Public Perception:**    - Jared acknowledges that while zero emission buses are mature technology, they continue to improve daily.    - Brad echoes this sentiment, referencing past skepticism about electric buses and the perpetual cycle of new technologies emerging, such as hydrogen buses, but emphasizes the success and efficiency of zero emission buses, particularly in Florida. 4. **Community Reception and Environmental Impact:**    - Brad discusses the positive shift in community perception, particularly among environmental groups, who now view public transit, especially zero emission buses, as part of the solution rather than the problem.    - He highlights the role of zero emission buses in reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability, contributing to a broader change in public perception about public transportation. 5. **Resilience and Emergency Response:**    - The conversation shifts to the resilience of zero emission buses during extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and flooding.    - Brad shares experiences of using electric buses for emergency evacuation and response activities, emphasizing the importance of resilient infrastructure to ensure continuous operation during crises. 6. **Future Challenges and Exportable Power:**    - Jared raises concerns about balancing resources and assets across the state during emergencies, especially as Florida transitions to 100% zero emission buses.    - Brad discusses past pilots involving exportable power from buses and acknowledges the potential advantages of such technology for emergency situations. 7. **CEO Engagement and System Understanding:**    - Jared commends Brad for his hands-on approach, frequently riding buses to engage with employees and patrons.    - Brad highlights the educational value of riding buses, gaining insights into system operations, and fostering a deeper appreciation for transit employees' work. 8. **System Optimization and Customer-Centric Approach:**    - Brad reflects on how his experiences riding buses have influenced system operations, citing examples of reevaluating bus routes based on observed usage patterns.    - He emphasizes the importance of understanding the transit network as a whole and adopting a customer-centric approach to service delivery.   These notes provide a summary of the conversation between Jared Schnader and Brad Miller, focusing on topics such as PSTA's transition to zero-emission buses, government funding, community impact, utility partnerships, and the outcome of deploying battery electric buses.

Here are the notes from the provided transcript:   Email Address for Jerry Miller: jmiller@us-energy.com - **Introduction by Jared Schnader**: Jared welcomes everyone to another episode of Transition to Xero. He leads the bus team at CalSTART, a National Nonprofit Technical Consulting Organization. He highlights infrastructure as a barrier to the adoption of zero-emission vehicles. - **Introduction of Guest, Jerry Miller**: Jerry Miller, Director of Business Development for Electrification at US Energy, is introduced. He provides an overview of US Venture, the parent company of US Energy, which focuses on providing sustainable energy solutions. - **Overview of VoltVault**: Jerry explains VoltVault, a patent-pending natural gas supplied, redeployable EV charger. It provides on-site, on-demand power generation, overcoming infrastructure challenges. It charges EVs at a fast rate without grid connection and is redeployable using a modified shipping container. - **Power Systems of VoltVault**: Jerry details the two power systems of VoltVault: the primary power system utilizing renewable natural gas, and the hotel power system consisting of solar panels and batteries. - **Refueling VoltVault**: Jerry explains the refueling process, which can involve connecting to a pipeline, changing onboard tanks, or connecting to a tube trailer for continuous use. - **Cost of Power Generation**: Jared discusses the stability of costs per kilowatt-hour with VoltVault compared to fluctuating utility prices. Jerry provides pricing details, highlighting cost savings with VoltVault. - **Environmental Impact**: Jerry discusses the environmental benefits of using VoltVault, particularly with renewable natural gas, which significantly reduces carbon intensity. - **Charging Capacity and Configuration**: Jerry explains the charging capacity of VoltVault, including options for level three and level two chargers, as well as the ability to charge multiple vehicles simultaneously. - **Considerations for Deployment**: Jared and Jerry discuss considerations such as space constraints and suitability for fleet applications versus public charging. - **Versatility and Resilience**: Jared highlights the versatility of VoltVault in addressing infrastructure challenges and its potential for disaster response scenarios, with Jerry emphasizing its quick deployment and resilience. - **Conclusion**: Jared expresses excitement about the potential applications of VoltVault and its role in accelerating the transition to zero-emission vehicles. These notes cover key points from the transcript, providing an overview of the discussion between Jared Schneider and Jerry Miller regarding VoltVault and its role in addressing infrastructure challenges for electric vehicles.

**Show Notes: Transition to Zero - Episode Highlights**    **Introduction:**  - Host: Jared Schnader, Bus Team Lead at CalSTART  - Guest: Henry Lukasik, Director of Maintenance at Pinellas Suncoast Transit, St. Petersburg, Florida    **Discussion Highlights:**    1. **Evolution of Heavy Equipment Maintenance:**     - Lukasik discusses the evolution of heavy equipment maintenance, focusing on buses and alternative propulsion systems.     - Mentions the lifespan of propulsion technologies and the transition from antiquated diesel equipment to modern systems.     - Highlights the challenge of incorporating new technologies into technical trade school curriculums.    2. **Addressing Barriers to Entry:**     - Lukasik addresses the financial barriers individuals face in pursuing careers in heavy equipment maintenance.     - Discusses the expenses associated with technical schooling, tool purchases, certification tests, and ongoing recertification.     - Describes how Pinellas Suncoast Transit Agency (PSTA) addresses these barriers through tuition reimbursement, tool provision, and certification support.    3. **Labor Agreements and Career Paths:**     - Explores PSTA's labor agreements and career progression paths for technicians, emphasizing clarity and support for advancement.     - Discusses the importance of collaboration with unions and creating a conducive environment for skill development and career growth.    4. **Apprenticeship Programs:**     - Details PSTA's apprenticeship program, highlighting its partnership with technical trade schools and on-the-job training opportunities.     - Discusses the benefits of structured apprenticeship programs in preparing individuals for careers in heavy equipment maintenance.    5. **Success in Deploying Battery Electric Buses (BEBs):**     - Explains the factors contributing to PSTA's success in deploying BEBs, including favorable climate conditions and terrain.     - Addresses challenges such as range anxiety and the importance of planning and infrastructure development.     - Highlights the need for long-term vision and collaboration with utilities in electrification efforts.    6. **One-to-One Replacement Ratio:**     - Lukasik discusses PSTA's achievement of a 75% one-to-one replacement ratio for fixed-route services with BEBs.     - Explains the challenges faced in achieving one-to-one replacement for commuter express services due to higher speeds and longer distances.     - Emphasizes the importance of aligning vehicle capabilities with operational needs.    7. **Closing Remarks:**     - Schnader expresses gratitude to Lukasik for sharing insights and commends PSTA as a model for transit agencies.     - Lukasik offers willingness to share knowledge and support others in the industry.    **Conclusion:**  Transition to Zero podcast provides valuable insights into the challenges and successes of transitioning to zero-emission transportation, highlighting the importance of collaboration, planning, and investment in sustainable solutions.

### Podcast Episode Summary: **Guest:** David J Carol, COO of APTA   **Host:** Jared Schnader   **Topic:** Addressing Challenges in Bus Procurement and OEM Attrition   APTA White Book https://www.apta.com/research-technical-resources/standards/procurement/apta-bts-bpg-gl-001-13/ Key Points: - **Introduction to APTA (American Public Transportation Association):**   - Represents public transportation in the US and Canada.   - Membership includes transit agencies, businesses supporting those agencies (OEMs, suppliers, consultants).   - APTA serves as a platform for transit-related discussions and initiatives. - **Challenges in Bus Procurement:**   - Significant OEM attrition and consolidation in recent years.   - Fewer manufacturers left to fulfill demand (e.g., departure of Nova Bus, Proterra's reorganization).   - APTA launched the Clean Bus Task Force to address these challenges. - **Clean Bus Task Force Objectives:**   - Investigate causes of OEM attrition.   - Identify immediate solutions and long-term strategies for a competitive supply industry. - **Task Force Composition:**   - Comprises CEOs from transit agencies primarily.   - Collaboration with FTA (Federal Transit Administration) for insights and support. - **Standard Bus Procurement Guidelines (White Book):**   - A compendium of specifications for bus procurement.   - Challenges in navigating the document, especially for smaller agencies.   - Efforts to automate and simplify the specification process underway. - **Infrastructure Integration and Innovation:**   - Challenges in integrating new technologies into bus procurement.   - Emphasis on ensuring longevity and stability of suppliers and systems. - **Rail Industry Parallels:**   - Similar challenges and solutions applicable to the rail sector.   - Progress payments, advanced payments, and use of indices relevant in rail procurement as well. - **Future Outlook:**   - Timeline for updates and automation in bus procurement.   - Efforts to address outdated terms and conditions in procurement contracts industry-wide. - **Appreciation and Closing:**   - Gratitude for the collaborative efforts within APTA and with external stakeholders.   - Optimism for a cleaner, simpler, and less risky procurement environment across the industry. This podcast episode delves into the complexities of bus procurement, addressing challenges such as OEM attrition and the need for standardized guidelines. The Clean Bus Task Force, led by APTA, aims to streamline procurement processes and ensure a competitive supply industry to meet the growing demand for public transportation.

I had the pleasure of speaking with John walsh, President of the Americas for EO Charging. John has worked in the bus industry for decades, running numerous companies and most recently was at Proterra where he oversaw the bus division, battery division, and the power division at various times.  The EO Charging technology is a software layer that can improve uptime with charges and can proactively detect charging issues and malfunctions. We dive into cyber-security, what is a "turn key solution" and where the market is going. For more information on EO Charging, reach out to John at john.walsh@eocharging.com.   1. **Introduction to EO Charging:**     - EO Charging was established in 2004 and began full production in 2014, with headquarters in London.    - The company specializes in manufacturing level two chargers, and its U.S. headquarters is located in Greenville, South Carolina. 2. **Turnkey Charging Solutions:**    - EO Charging offers a comprehensive turnkey solution for depot charging, focusing on transit, school bus, and fleet electrification.    - Notably, EO Charging does not provide public charging services.    - The company provides end-to-end services including design, engineering, construction, installation, hardware, software, and maintenance. 3. **Partnerships and Integration:**    - EO Charging collaborates with various partners such as WSP, Jacobs, AECOM, and Gannett Fleming for design services.    - The company manufactures its own level two chargers and partners with hardware companies like ABB, Siemens, and Heliox for level three chargers.    - EO Charging emphasizes its robust software program which is hardware-agnostic and allows remote monitoring, diagnosis, and repair of charging assets. 4. **Software Features:**    - The software remotely monitors charging assets, diagnoses faults, and initiates repairs over the air.    - EO Charging's software ensures compatibility with multiple charger brands and provides comprehensive asset management.    - The company operates a Technical Operations Center offering 24/7 monitoring and support in multiple languages. 5. **Service Level Agreements (SLAs):**    - EO Charging emphasizes the importance of SLAs for timely maintenance and repair of charging infrastructure.    - SLAs ensure rapid response to faults, minimizing downtime and operational disruptions for customers.    - The company guarantees 99% uptime for its charging infrastructure, setting a high standard in the market. 6. **Cybersecurity Measures:**    - EO Charging addresses cybersecurity concerns through rigorous testing and compliance with industry standards.    - The company conducts penetration tests to ensure the highest level of cybersecurity for its software and infrastructure.    - Customers are encouraged to request documentation on cybersecurity measures, emphasizing the importance of data security in charging infrastructure. 7. **Industry Engagement:**    - EO Charging actively engages with industry organizations like APTA to promote standards and best practices in charging infrastructure.    - The company provides guidance on including cybersecurity requirements in RFPs for transit agencies and other stakeholders. These show notes provide a comprehensive overview of EO Charging's services, focusing on its turnkey solutions, software features, SLAs, and cybersecurity measures. The company's commitment to reliability, compatibility, and cybersecurity underscores its leadership in the charging infrastructure market.

Based on the provided transcript, here are the show notes for the podcast episode: --- **Podcast Title:** Transition to Zero **Episode Title:** Zeroing in on ZEBs: Exploring the State of Zero Emission Buses **Host(s):** Jared Schnader **Date:** 2/29/2024 --- **Introduction:** In this episode of Transition to Zero, host Jared Schnader welcomes Mike Hynes, the national program manager for Transit at CalSTART, to discuss the annual "Zeroing in on ZEBs" report. This report provides an index of the state of the zero emission bus (ZEB) industry in the US and Canada. --- **Key Points:** 1. **Purpose of the Report (08:49.37)** - The "Zeroing in on ZEBs" report is an annual index that tracks the adoption and funding of zero emission buses in the US and Canada. It provides a snapshot of where deployments and awards are happening, highlighting leaders in the industry and areas for improvement. 2. **Methodology (13:37.923)** - CalSTART's approach involves gathering data from various sources, including awards, orders, and direct outreach to agencies. The challenge lies in cross-referencing data due to differences in tracking methods across regions. 3. **Comparison with European Market (21:39.731)** - Despite advancements in the US zero emission bus market, it lags behind the European market in terms of deployment numbers. Factors such as pilot projects and varying regulations contribute to the difference. 4. **California's Leadership (25:10.308)** - California leads the way in zero emission bus adoption due to legislative support, funding opportunities, and a clear vision for transitioning to zero emission fleets. 5. **Challenges of Small Deployments (28:33.635)** - Small pilot projects pose challenges in terms of resource allocation and scalability for both transit agencies and manufacturers. --- **Interview/Conversation Highlights:** - George and Mike discuss the significance of larger deployments and the importance of knowledge sharing among transit agencies. - Mike highlights the impact of legislation, such as California's innovative clean transit rule, in driving zero emission bus adoption. --- **Listener Questions/Comments:** [No specific listener questions or comments were addressed in this episode.] --- **Conclusion:** In conclusion, the "Zeroing in on ZEBs" report provides valuable insights into the state of zero emission bus adoption in North America. Despite challenges, progress is being made, particularly in states like California and New York, which serve as models for other regions. --- **Additional Resources:** - [Link to the "Zeroing in on ZEBs" report] -calstart.org --- **Credits:** - Host: Jared Schnader - Guest: Mike Hynes - Podcast Produced by Jared Schnader --- **Disclaimer:** The views and opinions expressed in this podcast episode are those of the hosts and guests and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of CALSTART or any other organization mentioned. --- By following this structure, the show notes provide a comprehensive overview of the episode's discussion on zero emission buses, highlighting key points, insights, and resources for listeners. Adjustments can be made based on the specific content and focus of the podcast.

The episode of Transition to Zero podcast features an insightful conversation between host Jared Schnader and Dan Raudebaugh, CEO of CTE Center for Transportation and the Environment. Raudebaugh shares his extensive experience in the field, spanning nearly 30 years, and delves into the mission and work of CTE, a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing clean transportation technologies. **Key Points:** - **Introduction to CTE:** Raudebaugh provides a brief history of CTE, outlining its inception and evolution over the years. Founded around 30 years ago, CTE initially focused on managing projects related to electric and hybrid electric vehicles, primarily through partnerships with organizations like DARPA. - **CTE's Initiatives:** Raudebaugh discusses CTE's multifaceted approach to advancing clean transportation. He highlights three core areas of focus: prototype vehicle development and demonstration, smart deployment practices, and fleet transition planning. - **Prototype Vehicle Development:** CTE has a track record of successfully building and demonstrating prototype vehicles, including the first hybrid electric Humvee and Bluebird's first battery electric school bus. Raudebaugh emphasizes the importance of nonprofits like CTE in managing projects and funding to support technology providers. - **Smart Deployment Practices:** Raudebaugh explains CTE's innovative approach of working with end-users to deploy vehicles, utilizing modeling software to optimize routes and charging infrastructure for maximum efficiency and cost-effectiveness. - **Fleet Transition Planning:** CTE assists operators in creating strategic plans to transition their entire fleets to zero emissions, utilizing modeling software to analyze routes and recommend the best options, whether battery electric or fuel cell. - **Policy Work and Vision:** Beyond project implementation, CTE engages in policy advocacy at both federal and state levels, aiming to facilitate the transition to zero emission transportation. Raudebaugh emphasizes CTE's vision of a carbon-free transportation system in the US and the organization's commitment to working towards this goal. - **Technology Transition in Transit:** Schnader and Raudebaugh discuss the evolution of clean transportation technologies, particularly in transit. They highlight the role of transit agencies as technology incubators and emphasize the significance of transit in reducing emissions and congestion in urban areas. - **Challenges and Future Outlook:** Raudebaugh acknowledges the challenges in transitioning to zero emission transportation, particularly in terms of technology readiness and infrastructure development. He shares his optimism for the future, targeting 2050 as a feasible timeline for achieving widespread adoption of zero emission vehicles in the transit sector. **Closing Thoughts:** The conversation between Schnader and Raudebaugh provides valuable insights into the efforts and challenges associated with transitioning to zero emission transportation. Raudebaugh's expertise and passion for clean transportation underscore the importance of collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders, policymakers, and nonprofit organizations like CTE in driving sustainable change.

Show Notes: Transitioning Transit Fleets to Zero Emissions   John Havrilla from Wendel, an architectural andengineering firm with an area of focus on facilities upgrades, discusses various aspects of transitioning transit fleets to alternative fuels, focusing on the challenges and solutions encountered in the process. There was a discussion around first responder training and battery fires. Wendel created a white paper to discuss battery safety that can be found here: https://wendelcompanies.com/indoor-battery-electric-bus-charging/ Working closely with utilities is essential, John explains, as they play a significant role beyond providing power for electric vehicles (EVs). Collaborating on rate structures, managing demand charges, and structuring cost-effective plans for transit clients are key areas of focus. Phasing and transition plans are crucial to optimize utility benefits and accommodate evolving needs over time. Space constraints pose significant challenges during the transition. John highlights the example of an older facility in Stanford, where structural modifications were necessary to accommodate new equipment for EV charging. Creative solutions, such as innovative placement of charging equipment, are employed to overcome these limitations while ensuring efficient operations. When planning new facilities, flexibility in design is paramount to accommodate future transitions to alternative fuels. Factors such as reliable power access, site planning for power infrastructure, and potential space reservations for future fueling needs must be considered. The evolving requirements for parts storage and maintenance facilities are also addressed, particularly in the context of transitioning from diesel to electric buses. Inductive charging technology presents both challenges and potential benefits for zero-emission fleets. While its wireless capabilities are appealing, challenges such as limited suppliers, proprietary equipment, and the absence of standardized approaches must be overcome. Bus manufacturers are hesitant to adopt inductive charging without a uniform standard, highlighting the need for collaboration to establish reliable standards in the industry. **Introduction** In this episode, Jared Schnader and John Havrilla discuss the complexities of transitioning transit fleets to zero emissions. John Havrilla, an expert in architectural and engineering solutions for transit facilities, provides valuable insights into the challenges and considerations involved in this transition. **Working with Utilities (21:07.658)** John emphasizes the crucial role of utilities beyond providing power for vehicles. He discusses how collaboration with utilities involves discussions on rate structures, demand charges, and structuring plans for transit clients to ensure economic viability. John highlights the importance of understanding the utility grid's reliability and working hand in hand with utilities to develop transition plans. **Addressing Space Constraints (24:12.375)** Space constraints pose significant challenges in retrofitting existing facilities for zero-emission fleets. John shares an example of the Stanford garage of CT Transit, where innovative solutions were implemented to accommodate charging equipment and structural modifications. He discusses the importance of creative space utilization and the challenges of placing charging equipment while considering distance limitations. **Comparing Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Planning (26:34.953)** John contrasts the facility requirements for battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. He highlights the critical differences in ventilation, detection systems, and fueling infrastructure. John emphasizes the challenges of ensuring safety and compliance with evolving codes, especially for hydrogen fueling facilities. **Planning for Future Flexibility (32:20.775)** In planning new transit facilities, John advises considering future fleet transitions and technological advancements. He emphasizes the importance of assessing power availability, reliability, and space allocation for potential alternative fuels. John discusses the need for flexibility in facility design to accommodate evolving fleet technologies and changing operational needs. **Conclusion** The discussion with John Havrilla sheds light on the multifaceted considerations involved in transitioning transit fleets to zero emissions. From collaboration with utilities to innovative space utilization and future-proof facility planning, the conversation underscores the complex challenges and opportunities in this transition journey. **Inductive Charging Considerations (38:48.203)** John expresses interest in inductive charging technology as a potential solution for zero-emission fleets. He highlights the challenges associated with inductive charging, including limited suppliers, proprietary equipment, and the absence of a uniform standard. Despite the appeal of inductive charging for its wireless capabilities, John notes the reluctance of bus manufacturers to adopt it without a standardized approach. He underscores the need for collaboration among transit agencies, manufacturers, and regulatory bodies to establish a reliable standard for inductive charging, which could unlock its potential as a viable option for future fleet electrification.

In the season finale of Transition to Zero, host Jared Schnader reflects on the inaugural season, sharing insights on the inspiration behind the podcast, unexpected challenges, and the most impactful conversations. Jared discusses how the role of policies, legislation, and technological advances shape the future of zero-emission transit. He also highlights personal favorites and key learnings from discussions about workforce development and the role of DOTs in advancing zero-emission transportation. This episode offers a behind-the-scenes glimpse into the development of this podcast, emphasizing the importance of our first season’s guests and tackling complex topics throughout the process. As the season wraps up, Jared shares his vision for the podcast's future and his takeaways about the evolution and potential of zero-emission transportation. Join us for a finale that sets the stage for an exciting next season!   Visit https://transitpodcast.org/ for more information.

Welcome to Transition to Zero, the definitive series bringing you into the facets of integrating innovative and emerging technologies into your fleet systems, brought to you in partnership with the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) and non-profit technical consultancy CALSTART. In this seven-part series, host Jared Schnader and the special guests presenting at the CTAA webinars are navigating through the intricacies of Fleet Transition Plans (FTPs), the crucial roadmaps that aid organizations in construction, funding, and upgrades while adopting low- or zero-emission technologies. 🎙 Part 6: Empowering the Workforce for the Future of Electrification Part six of the series will focus on workforce development initiatives essential for a smooth and successful transition to electrification. Jared is joined by James Hall, the Principal and Founder of ZEB Tech, a workforce development consultancy focused on guiding transit agencies and partners through their transition to a zero-emission fleet. In this episode, they identify the resources transit agencies can use to ensure efficient training and preparation for maintenance and operations teams. James, an experienced representative in workforce development training for the industry, will share valuable insights into the best practices for developing a skilled and knowledgeable team ready to transition to an electric fleet. Tune in to learn how to leverage these resources for your workforce effectively.  📚 Series Overview: This enlightening series is conceived with a vision to empower you with a comprehensive understanding and confidence to utilize FTPs effectively, irrespective of whether your transition is imminent in five years or projected in 50 years. The series elucidates each element of the FTP, providing listeners with nuanced discussions and unfiltered insights into each topic. 🌟 Special Features: Immersive, special episodes with detailed discussions surrounding the CTAA member-exclusive webinar series Unfiltered conversations with industry experts about the intricacies of FTPs and the elements they are composed of 🎯 Objective: Transition to Zero is tailored to guide you through the dynamic realms of technological advancements and evolving policies, ensuring you’re well-equipped to make informed decisions and progress your fleet with assurance. 🌐 Listen & Subscribe: Tune in to Transition to Zero and subscribe to stay updated on the latest episodes available on your preferred podcast platform. Transition to Zero Podcast CALSTART The Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) Scott Bogren, Executive Director at CTAA

Welcome to Transition to Zero, the definitive series bringing you into the facets of integrating innovative and emerging technologies into your fleet systems, brought to you in partnership with the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) and non-profit technical consultancy CALSTART. In this 7-part series, host Jared Schnader and the special guests presenting at the CTAA webinars are navigating through the intricacies of Fleet Transition Plans (FTPs), the crucial roadmaps that aid organizations in construction, funding, and upgrades while adopting low- or zero-emission technologies. 🎙 Part 5: Utility Partnerships and Facility Planning In Part Five, we discuss applying the data from route modeling, load profiling, and the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to develop your FTPs. This episode's special guest, Lynn Felcyn from DTE Energy, will provide insights into the essentials of utility interaction. This episode will address common questions and challenges transit agencies face, such as initiating contact with utilities and engaging effectively with the right team members. You will learn the best practices for reaching out to your utility, understanding who to contact, and how to foster a partnership with them.  📚 Series Overview: This enlightening series is conceived with a vision to empower you with a comprehensive understanding and confidence to utilize FTPs effectively, irrespective of whether your transition is imminent in 5 years or projected in 50 years. The series elucidates each element of the FTP, providing listeners with nuanced discussions and unfiltered insights into each topic. 🌟 Special Features: Immersive, special episodes with detailed discussions surrounding the CTAA member-exclusive webinar series Unfiltered conversations with industry experts about the intricacies of FTPs 🎯 Objective: Transition to Zero is tailored to guide you through the dynamic realms of technological advancements and evolving policies, ensuring you’re well-equipped to make informed decisions and progress your fleet with assurance. 🌐 Listen & Subscribe: Tune in to Transition to Zero and subscribe to stay updated on the latest episodes available on your preferred podcast platform. Transition to Zero Podcast CALSTART The Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) Scott Bogren, Executive Director at CTAA

Welcome to Transition to Zero, the definitive series bringing you into the facets of integrating innovative and emerging technologies into your fleet systems, brought to you in partnership with the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) and non-profit technical consultancy CALSTART. In this 7-part series, host Jared Schnader and the special guests presenting at the CTAA webinars are navigating through the intricacies of Fleet Transition Plans (FTPs), the crucial roadmaps that aid organizations in construction, funding, and upgrades while adopting low- or zero-emission technologies. 🎙 Part 4: Aligning Fleet Transition Plans with Policy In Part Four, we explore the intersection of policy and FTPs with Pete Gould, Senior Vice President at Boundary Stone Partners, and Orville Thomas, CEO of the California Mobility Center. With policies playing a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of fleet transitions, being informed, engaged, and aligned is essential for every transit agency. Join CTAA, CALSTART, and Boundary Stone representatives as they discuss the influence of federal and state policies on fleet transitions. Part Four will guide transit agencies on effective policy engagement, emphasizing alignment with local, state, and federal policies, particularly for your Low or No Emission Vehicle Program applications. Learn how to align your agency's goals with current guidelines and engage with policymakers to advocate for successful transitions. 📚 Series Overview: This enlightening series is conceived with a vision to empower you with a comprehensive understanding and confidence to utilize FTPs effectively, irrespective of whether your transition is imminent in 5 years or projected in 50 years. The series elucidates each element of the FTP, providing listeners with nuanced discussions and unfiltered insights into each topic. 🌟 Special Features: Immersive, special episodes with detailed discussions surrounding the CTAA member-exclusive webinar series Unfiltered conversations with industry experts about the intricacies of FTPs 🎯 Objective: Transition to Zero is tailored to guide you through the dynamic realms of technological advancements and evolving policies, ensuring you’re well-equipped to make informed decisions and progress your fleet with assurance. 📣 Join the Conversation: Embark on this enlightening journey with us to gain the expertise and insight required to navigate your transition seamlessly. Engage in insightful discussions and deepen your understanding of how to meticulously plan and implement these cutting-edge technologies into your fleet system. 🌐 Listen & Subscribe: Tune in to Transition to Zero and subscribe to stay updated on the latest episodes available on your preferred podcast platform. Transition to Zero Podcast CALSTART The Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) Scott Bogren, Executive Director at CTAA

Welcome to Transition to Zero, the definitive series bringing you into the facets of integrating innovative and emerging technologies into your fleet systems, brought to you in partnership with the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) and non-profit technical consultancy CALSTART. In this 7-part series, host Jared Schnader and the special guests presenting at the CTAA webinars are navigating through the intricacies of Fleet Transition Plans (FTPs), the crucial roadmaps that aid organizations in construction, funding, and upgrades while adopting low- or zero-emission technologies. 🎙 Part 3: Route Energy Modeling and Total Cost of Ownership As transit agencies manage the complexities of integrating different bus makes and models into specific transit corridors, route energy modeling (REM) emerges as an essential tool to navigate these challenges. In this episode, Brian Ballschmidt, Mike Hynes, and Aditya Kushwah from CALSTART discuss best practices and strategies for monitoring and evaluating operations while accounting for all the factors that make your fleet unique, such as climate, passenger load, charging station design, and hours of operations, among other factors. They also discuss the total cost of ownership (TCO) and how to present its implications to stakeholders. 📚 Series Overview: This enlightening series is conceived with a vision to empower you with a comprehensive understanding and confidence to utilize FTPs effectively, irrespective of whether your transition is imminent in 5 years or projected in 50 years. The series elucidates each element of the FTP, providing listeners with nuanced discussions and unfiltered insights into each topic. 🌟 Special Features: Immersive, special episodes with detailed discussions surrounding the CTAA member-exclusive webinar series Unfiltered conversations with industry experts about the intricacies of FTPs 🎯 Objective: Transition to Zero is tailored to guide you through the dynamic realms of technological advancements and evolving policies, ensuring you’re well-equipped to make informed decisions and progress your fleet with assurance. 📣 Join the Conversation: Embark on this enlightening journey with us to gain the expertise and insight required to navigate your transition seamlessly. Engage in insightful discussions and deepen your understanding of how to meticulously plan and implement these cutting-edge technologies into your fleet system. 🌐 Listen & Subscribe: Tune in to Transition to Zero and subscribe to stay updated on the latest episodes available on your preferred podcast platform. Transition to Zero Podcast CALSTART The Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) Scott Bogren, Executive Director at CTAA

Welcome to Transition to Zero, the definitive series bringing you into the facets of integrating innovative and emerging technologies into your fleet systems, brought to you in association with the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) and the eminent non-profit technical consultancy, CALSTART. In this 7-part series, host Jared Schnader and the special guests presenting at the CTAA webinars are navigating through the intricacies of Fleet Transition Plans (FTPs), the crucial roadmaps that aid organizations in construction, funding, and upgrades while adopting low or zero-emission technologies. 🎙 Part 2: Fleet Intake Forms In Part 2, we are discussing a crucial component of the Fleet Transition Plan: the intake form. Learn the substantive impacts of each input field with the guidance of this episode's guest, Mike Hynes from CALSTART. CALSTART and CTAA are discussing the relevance and importance of every input on the intake form, correlating it directly with the integrity of your transition plan.  📚 Series Overview: This enlightening series is conceived with a vision to empower you with a comprehensive understanding and confidence to utilize FTPs effectively, irrespective of whether your transition is imminent in 5 years or projected in 50 years. The series elucidates each element of the FTP, providing listeners with nuanced discussions and unfiltered insights into each topic. 🌟 Special Features: Immersive, special episodes with detailed discussions surrounding the CTAA member-exclusive webinar series Unfiltered conversations with industry experts about the intricacies of FTPs 🎯 Objective: Transition to Zero is tailored to guide you through the dynamic realms of technological advancements and evolving policies, ensuring you’re well-equipped to make informed decisions and progress your fleet with assurance. 📣 Join the Conversation: Embark on this enlightening journey with us to gain the expertise and insight required to navigate your transition seamlessly. Engage in insightful discussions and deepen your understanding of how to meticulously plan and implement these cutting-edge technologies into your fleet system. 🌐 Listen & Subscribe: Tune in to Transition to Zero and subscribe to stay updated on the latest episodes available on your preferred podcast platform. Transition to Zero Podcast CALSTART The Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) Scott Bogren, Executive Director at CTAA

Welcome to Transition to Zero, the definitive series bringing you into the facets of integrating innovative and emerging technologies into your fleet systems, brought to you in association with the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) and the eminent non-profit technical consultancy, CALSTART. In this 7-part series, host Jared Schnader and the special guests presenting at the CTAA webinars are navigating through the intricacies of Fleet Transition Plans (FTPs), the crucial roadmaps that aid organizations in construction, funding, and upgrades while adopting low or zero-emission technologies. 🎙 Part 1: Mastering the Blueprint In Part 1, we unfold a high-level overview of what entails an FTP and its imperative nature in today’s evolving technological and political landscapes alongside special guests Mike Hynes and Maureen Marshall from CALSTART. Join us as we dissect the relevance of stakeholder engagement, explore the multifaceted utilities of the plan, and discern how having this plan in place can unlock more funding and support. 📚 Series Overview: This enlightening series is conceived with a vision to empower you with a comprehensive understanding and confidence to utilize FTPs effectively, irrespective of whether your transition is imminent in 5 years or projected in 50 years. The series elucidates each element of the FTP, providing listeners with nuanced discussions and unfiltered insights into each topic. 🌟 Special Features: Immersive, special episodes with detailed discussions surrounding the CTAA member-exclusive webinar series Unfiltered conversations with industry experts about the intricacies of FTPs 🎯 Objective: Transition to Zero is tailored to guide you through the dynamic realms of technological advancements and evolving policies, ensuring you’re well-equipped to make informed decisions and progress your fleet with assurance. 📣 Join the Conversation: Embark on this enlightening journey with us to gain the expertise and insight required to navigate your transition seamlessly. Engage in insightful discussions and deepen your understanding of how to meticulously plan and implement these cutting-edge technologies into your fleet system. 🌐 Listen & Subscribe: Tune in to Transition to Zero and subscribe to stay updated on the latest episodes available on your preferred podcast platform. Transition to Zero Podcast CALSTART The Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) Scott Bogren, Executive Director at CTAA

In this episode of Transition to Zero, hosted by Jared Schnader, Duncan Woodbury discusses the intersection of cyber security and transit infrastructure, highlighting vulnerabilities and shedding light on the steps to mitigate them. Duncan is the CEO and President of Liberas, a cyber-security firm specifically honed in on utilities and their essential connection points. Key Points: Unmasking Threats in Transit: Understand how cyber threats are not just limited to large organizations but also exist within our daily transit systems. Types of Attacks: What kind of cyber attacks can be executed on transit elements like buses? How does charging infrastructure become a potential target, and what does it mean for the overarching electrical grid? Critical Vulnerabilities: Explore the potential interruptions to charging sequences, risks of data siphoning, and the gravity of gaining unauthorized access to pivotal infrastructure components. The Art of Aversion: With knowledge comes the power to prevent. Duncan shares insights on common failure points in cyber security and presents methodologies to ward off potential threats. Key Takeaways for Stakeholders: A particularly enlightening segment for utilities, transit agencies, and OEMs to understand and adapt to the current cyber landscape in transit. As the world transitions towards more integrated and technologically advanced transit systems, understanding and thwarting cyber threats becomes paramount. This episode with Duncan Woodbury gives listeners a masterclass in cyber security within the realm of transit, making it a must-listen for everyone involved in the domain.

In this episode with talk with Karl Gnadt from Champaign Urbana Mass Transit District in Champaign, IL and Kirt Conrad from Stark Area Regional Transit Authority (SARTA) about their deployments of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Buses.  While Kirt had installed a storage tank for fuel to be trucked in, Karl took a different approach by building out a facility that can produce its own Hydrogen utilizing solar panels and selling excess power back into the grid. This was an interesting exploration into what a transit operator experiences when utilizing Hydrogen in their fleet. There are great recommendations for the industry, specifically for OEMs, on improvements that can be made that will both extend range and decrease infrastructure costs.

Host: Jared Schnader, Senior Director, Bus Initiative Leader at CALSTART Guests: Clinton Bench, Director of Fleet and Transit at UCLA, and Sharad Agarwal, Chief Operating Officer at Onward Podcast Summary: In this episode, Jared Schnader discusses the future of autonomous vehicles (AVs), the intersection of electric and hydrogen vehicles, and the technological advancements in transportation with Clinton Bench and Sharad Agarwal. They dive into the return on investment (ROI) of these technologies, the upcoming opportunities at the 2028 Olympics, and how business models in the mobility sector need to adapt for sustainability. With an exclusive focus on the experiences of UCLA and broader observations from Onward, the discussion underscores the steps and challenges involved in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in vehicle operations. Key Takeaways: University of California's carbon neutrality initiative aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2025, and UCLA has reached about 33% electrification in its fleet.One of the biggest challenges during electrification is the lack of infrastructure planning, particularly for charging capabilities.Adaptive load management is essential to balance and prioritize electric charging needs.Safety and cost reduction are the primary driving factors behind the push toward autonomous vehicles in transportation.AVs have the potential to decrease long-term maintenance costs.Challenges in AVs stem from integrating them into unpredictable environments rather than the technology itself.The 2028 Olympics offers an opportunity to showcase zero-emission transportation.The distinction and applications of battery-electric vs. hydrogen fuel cell technology are essential to the future of transportation, which should include a blend of hydrogen and electric vehicles. Questions Covered During the Discussion: What are the primary concerns in transitioning from 33% electrification to 100%?What technologies do we need in the transportation sector?How do subsidies influence the transition to electric vehicles?What are the benefits of autonomous vehicles, and how do they fit into the zero-emission landscape?How does the ROI look for AVs?Why is the price of AV technology still high?How can autonomous buses impact safety?What challenges and innovations should we expect for the 2028 Olympics regarding transportation?What are the hopes and realities of implementing AVs and advanced transport during the Olympics?How has technology from transit percolated into trucking and vice versa?What potential advancements can we expect for electric vs. hydrogen vehicles? Discussion Highlights: Clinton delves deep into UCLA's experience, mentioning the university's aggressive push to electrify its fleet. Despite their impressive progress, they've faced challenges, particularly regarding charging infrastructure. Sharad underscores the importance of subsidies, especially in California, to support the growth of electric vehicles. He believes fleet-as-a-service could be a promising model and emphasizes the potential of electric vehicles acting as storage batteries.Safety is a primary reason to pursue AVs. The ROI in autonomous vehicles comes in terms of efficiency and the reduction of labor costs. AVs have the potential to standardize operations, leading to longer vehicle lifespans.The technology for dedicated autonomous vehicles has existed in Europe for two decades.The ideal 2028 Olympics includes a robust transportation system showcasing autonomous and electric vehicles. Overall, the discussion comprehensively shows the challenges and opportunities in zero-emission transportation. Whether it's through electrification, better infrastructure planning, or the integration of autonomous vehicles, the future of transportation is evolving rapidly.