Another wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Hygiene and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

Devotees of the testudines rejoice! Whether you have one as a pet, admire them at the zoo, or giggle with the rest of the internet when they rock each other off logs, chances are high, we think, that you like turtles. We like turtles! And conveniently for us, turtle science is also extremely cool, so this was basically an ideal episode to make. Enjoy!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail]Fossilized turtle poop showing green algae feast sitehttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/995472https://www.science.org/content/article/sea-turtles-have-3000-year-old-routinesCrushing of fossilized turtle shells shows burial site agehttps://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/26/science/turtle-shells-fossils-paleontology.htmlhttps://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/18/5/1524/616297/Crushed-turtle-shells-Proxies-for-lithificationTurtle fossil was actually a plant fossilhttps://www.livescience.com/animals/120-million-year-old-plants-turn-out-to-be-ultra-rare-fossilized-baby-turtles[Trivia Question]Speed of a sand-digging robot modeled after a turtle hatchlinghttps://today.ucsd.edu/story/bot-inspired-by-baby-turtles-can-swim-under-the-sand-1https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aisy.202200404[Fact Off]Chinese soft-shelled turtles (basically) pee out their mouthshttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/215/21/3723/19178/The-Chinese-soft-shelled-turtle-Pelodiscushttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121011090643.htmhttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aohc/63/2/63_2_181/_articlehttps://theconversation.com/no-overwintering-turtles-dont-breathe-through-their-butts-getting-to-the-bottom-of-a-popular-misconception-224331Microplastics in sand mess with sea turtle sex ratioshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/06/230623210244.htm#:~:text=Warmer%20temperatures%20are%20known%20to,before%20their%20sex%20is%20set.https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/temperature-dependent.html#:~:text=This%20is%20called%20temperature%2Ddependent,the%20hatchlings%20will%20be%20female.[Ask the Science Couch]Turtle communication and vocalizationhttps://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.24553https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14356-3https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33741-8 https://gizmodo.com/jurassic-parks-dinosaur-sound-effects-were-actually-ani-5994278https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/01/06/turtles-eat-south-america/[Butt One More Thing]Collecting loggerhead sea turtle fecal samples by making them custom swimsuits https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2015/10/sea-turtles-don-swimsuits-sciencePictures: https://www.flickr.com/photos/37175871@N06/albums/72157659326105212/

A wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Big vs. Small and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

From expressing ourselves through fashion to protecting ourselves from the elements, textiles seem to be self-evidently significant to the human experience. But it's our goal on Tangents to always poke holes in the obvious, tear through distraction, and weave humor with knowledge - and the facts this episode will blow your cotton-poly blend socks off.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail Express]Fabric shoe sole tariffhttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/business/economy/columbia-sportswear-trump-trade-war.htmlhttps://www.bbc.com/news/business-45875405https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-is-why-your-converse-sneakers-have-felt-on-the-bottom-6016648/Water-soluble fiber to prove original Finnish textilehttps://www.perniaspopupshop.com/encyclopedia/karnataka/mysore-silkhttps://www.ksicsilk.com/Home/Abouthttps://news.mit.edu/2023/fiber-barcodes-can-make-clothing-labels-that-last-0321Wool Acts: burial shroud requirementshttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/england-wool-burial-shroudshttps://nursingclio.org/2020/05/21/weaving-wool-into-death-burial-in-17th-century-england/https://www.hungerfordvirtualmuseum.co.uk/?view=article&id=961&catid=10[Trivia Question]“Cappers Act” of 1571 in England required males to wear woolen capshttps://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81552https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/minor-british-institutions-the-flat-cap-1926708.htmlhttps://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O124661/cap/cap-unknown/?print=1[Fact Off]Indigenous Aymara weavers and pediatric cardiologists co-created a medical textile for congenital heart defectshttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2674640https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/video-player/16238899https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10329454/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3379209/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470160/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/cardiac-catheterizationhttps://www.ted.com/talks/franz_freudenthal_a_new_way_to_heal_hearts_without_surgery/transcriptCreating experimental antimicrobial underwear for astronauts or space laundry machineshttps://www.livescience.com/astronauts-shared-underwear-upgrade.htmlhttps://www.cnet.com/science/astronauts-share-spacesuit-underwear-but-keeping-it-clean-is-a-challenge/https://phys.org/news/2021-05-spacesuit-underwear.htmlhttps://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/07/space_age_underwear_that_can_b.htmlhttps://www.iflscience.com/space-laundry-how-will-astronauts-keep-their-underwear-clean-on-the-moon-70058https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nasa-teams-tide-do-laundry-space-180978067/https://apnews.com/article/laundry-wash-clothes-space-station-nasa-5a7f2795150f7dce81581cfb82cdd1f7[Ask the Science Couch]History of knitting machineshttps://invention.si.edu/knitting-stockings-machinehttp://www.nottsheritagegateway.org.uk/people/frameworkknitters.htmCrochet vs. knit stitcheshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jecATRwHQP8https://akaspar.pages.cba.mit.edu/textiles-recitation/background.htmlCrocheting hyperbolic space modelshttps://www.ams.org/publicoutreach/math-imagery/taiminahttps://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/16/wertheim_henderson_taimina.phphttps://www.theiff.org/oexhibits/oe1e.html[Butt One More Thing]Art project that extracted cellulose from cow manure to make a semi-synthetic fabrichttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014181302300404Xhttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/poop-clothing_n_58e7d6f0e4b058f0a02efa77https://jalilaessaidi.com/cowmanure/While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

It may be well-known that hope is the thing with feathers, but how much is known about feathers themselves? Turns out, plenty! From shrub grouses to shuttlecocks and all the pea-babies (diminutive for peacocks, definitely for sure) in between, come soar on the delightfully complex wings of knowledge with us!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Truth or Fail]Dermestid beetles on dino feather in amberhttps://www.science.org/content/article/feathered-dinosaurs-discoveredhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/986124https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/lice-filled-dinosaur-feathers-found-trapped-100-million-year-old-amber-180973727/https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/dermestid-beetles-feasted-on-dinosaur-feathersBadminton shuttlecock dino-birdie https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/dinosaurs-ancient-fossils/liaoning-diorama/a-feathered-tyranthttps://australian.museum/learn/dinosaurs/fact-sheets/dilong-paradoxus/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030468Roboduck with dino feathershttps://www.audubon.org/news/new-aquatic-dinosaur-find-strange-and-startling-avian-hodgepodgehttps://www.newscientist.com/article/2414147-dinosaurs-evolved-feathers-to-scare-prey-suggests-robot-experiment/https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/02/robo-dinosaur-scares-grasshoppers-to-shed-light-on-why-dinos-evolved-feathers/[Trivia Question]Speed of peacock tail feather shaking to signal interest to mateshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152759https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207247https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/12/peacock-crests-are-vibration-sensors/578656/https://gizmodo.com/the-physics-of-peacock-tail-feathers-is-even-more-dazzl-1772653586[Fact Off]Turning waste chicken feathers into a flavorless, edible meat pastehttps://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat?time=latesthttps://phys.org/news/2017-09-bird-feathers-food.htmlhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=9055668&fileOId=9055675https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/lund-team-turns-chicken-feathers-into-food/https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/chicken-feathers-can-help-generate-clean-energy-say-researchers/2-1-1539841?zephr_sso_ott=oZW4DrMale sandgrouse belly feathers soak up water to carry back to their babieshttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2022.0878https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/69/4/323/5229138https://ebird.org/species/namsan1[Ask the Science Couch]Feather growth and development (and altricial vs. precocial baby birds)https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/feathers-article/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380223/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917565/[Butt One More Thing]Fright molt: losing tail feathers as an antipredator adaptationhttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/17/6/1046/319763

Trash, rubbish, waste, refuse...we have a lot of words for the gunk that goes on the truck, because whether we like it or not, humans make a lot of garbage. Get comfy with some grossness as we root around in garbage's past, present, and future. We're all on a path, you guys!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenGarbage[The Scientific Definition]Neptune ballsLaser broomWishcycling[Trivia Question]Eugene Poubelle garbage can ordinance in Francehttps://www.connexionfrance.com/article/Mag/French-Facts/Dustbins-are-named-after-French-recycling-innovatorhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poubellehttps://doodles.google/doodle/eugene-poubelles-190th-birthday/[Fact Off]Sulfur-crested cockatoos opening garbage cans because of social learninghttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe7808https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/963482https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)01285-4Hermit crabs are using plastic trash as shellshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723075885https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hermit-crabs-using-trash-as-shells-across-the-world-scientists-find-180983701/[Ask the Science Couch]Waste-to-energy methods: power plants/incineration, gasification, landfill gas, anaerobic digestionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652617317316?via%3Dihubhttps://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biomass/waste-to-energy-in-depth.phphttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090119500090https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5530419https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gashttps://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2804https://www.epa.gov/agstar/how-does-anaerobic-digestion-work[Butt One More Thing]Poop composition of gull flocks that eat garbage from landfillshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313541730489X?via%3Dihubhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/558545

Oops, all science this episode! Erstwhile editorial assistant Deboki Chakravarti steps in for erstwhile everyman Sam Schultz as we parse through fundamental puzzles about humanity: what makes us, us, and if it is hormones, does that make us cocktails or cauldrons?SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenHormones[Truth or Fail]https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/trust-hormone-oxytocin-helps-old-muscle-work-new-study-finds[Trivia Question]Hormone-injected Judas goats to kill invasive species in Project Isabellahttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092746/https://modernfarmer.com/2013/09/killing-goats-galapagos/[Fact Off]Bones make osteocalcin, which might be a hormone involved in stress reactionshttps://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(19)30441-3https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6335246/https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008361https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008714Chrononutrition and breast milk hormones training babies’ circadian rhythms[Ask the Science Couch]Hormones (vs. neurotransmitters) and how they affect emotions Serotoninhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545168/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864293/ Testosteronehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033318213001333?via%3Dihubhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/andr.12867 Estrogenhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753111/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210086 Thyroidhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7612998/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378512215006064 Puberty in generalhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5192018/https://journals.publishing.umich.edu/umurj/article/id/1383/[Butt One More Thing]Golden spiny mice poop hormones show that they've evolved to be nocturnal (even though they can be diurnal)https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023446

It's the long-awaited cheese-stravaganza! And it's every bit as melty, crumbly, stretchy, and stinky as hoped for. We dip into some fetamology, we stretch our nokkeledge of cheese applications, and we unwrap the shocking tartrutho about a cheese we thought we knew!**The real cheese names I butchered into puns: feta, nokkelost, tartuffo. All delicious, go try some!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[The Scientific Definition]Cornish Yarg’s rindPule animal milkEmmental cheese surroundings[Trivia Question]One of the oldest unopened cans of Cougar Gold cheesehttps://archive.news.wsu.edu/news/2010/08/14/oldest-cougar-gold-cracked-open-still-tasty/https://creamery.wsu.edu/about-us/history/[Fact Off]Using cheese to study the neuroscience of disgust because it’s not dangerous/unethicalhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5065955/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/disgusthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687907/Environmental remediation in Emeryville, CA using cottage cheese whey[Ask the Science Couch]“Addictive” qualities of cheese (contextualizing casomorphin and the endogenous opioid system)https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117959https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/b/bovine-beta-casomorphin-7.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345738/https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.231rhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486734/[Butt One More Thing]Cheese mites are pests but also delicacies in Mimolette and Milbenkäsehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030210003644https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-016-0040-7https://microbialfoods.org/microbe-guide-cheese-mites/

The question plaguing us this episode is, how dark can it really get? Turns out (according to some), not that dark! Unless you're at the bottom of the ocean or floating in the all too-eerie void of deep space, you're always gonna have some photons hitting your face. (I'm pretty sure I accidentally stole this rhyme right out of Hank's poem, but you'll just have to listen to know for sure...) SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[The Gauntlet]Next December 23rd winter solsticeSOLAR spacecraft went down Reorientation of sun instrument23.5°S latitude alternate nameTapetum lucidum colorHormone in darknessFamous winter solstice sunlight site[Trivia Question]Last December 23rd winter solsticehttps://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/december-solstice.html[Fact Off]Carrots can help you make rhodopsin but not improve night visionhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/do-carrots-help-you-see-in-the-darkhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/do-carrots-really-help-you-see-in-the-darkhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484191/https://www.livescience.com/carrots-see-in-the-dark.htmlhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fact-or-fiction-carrots-improve-your-vision/Dogs are more likely to steal food disobediently when it’s dark https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-012-0579-6https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130211090840.htmhttps://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/persons/juliane-kaminski/publications/[Butt One More Thing]English words for excrement collectors (gong farmer, night soil men) https://www.oed.com/dictionary/night-soil_n?tab=etymologyhttps://www.oed.com/dictionary/gong-farmer_n?tab=meaning_and_use#992848879https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/when-american-cities-were-full-of-craphttps://ojs.ethnobiology.org/index.php/ebl/article/view/1351/705

In this not-so-chill episode, everybody gets a little unsettled by the concepts around refrigeration. Quantum computers, thermoacoustics, molecular chemistry, elephants, the phantom letter "d" that gets added to the shortening of refrigeration...it's all just. So much.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This or That: Fridge or Not Fridge]Ballpoint-pen-sized device with twisted nickel-titanium and waterCredit-card-sized device plugged into your phone with lithium bromideTwo large metal balls with ammonia and water[Trivia Question]Frigidaire had an elephant stand on their refrigerator as a strength testhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/75945/15-icy-cool-facts-about-refrigerationhttps://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/cgi-bin/colorado?a=d&d=STP19390511.2.109&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------[Fact Off]Dilution refrigeration and ultra-cold LEGOshttps://nanoscience.oxinst.com/assets/uploads/NanoScience/Brochures/Principles%20of%20dilution%20refrigeration_Sept15.pdfhttps://twist.phys.virginia.edu/work/Formal_Paper.pdfhttps://www.lancaster.ac.uk/news/the-coolest-lego-in-the-universehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55616-7#Fig1https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a30337510/lego-bricks-heat-tolerance-quantum-computer/Thermoacoustic refrigeration and the James Webb Space Telescope[Ask the Science Couch]Freezer smells and dehydration/oxidation affecting food tastehttps://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/science-freezing-foodshttps://extension.psu.edu/understanding-the-process-of-freezinghttps://theconversation.com/heres-why-your-freezer-smells-so-bad-and-what-you-can-do-about-it-203058https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/emergencies/removing-odors-refrigerators-and[Butt One More Thing]USB drive found in volunteer-collected frozen leopard seal poophttps://niwa.co.nz/news/they-were-defrosting-leopard-seal-pooyou-wont-believe-what-happened-nexthttps://www.leopardseals.org/scat-poo-collection/

Do you hear what I hear? Probably not, because in this episode, we're bringing things down several notches to learn about quiet. Does it have a scientific definition? Is it all just relative? Should crickets have podcasts? Join us as we (ok, maybe not so) quietly contemplate quiet.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail]Larval reef fish bury their heads in the sand to reduce noiseQuieter Bison bulls get more matesDolphins quiet their clicks to ambush each other [Trivia Question]Loudness of lead singer in Billboard Hot 100 from 1946-2020https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jel/article/3/4/043201/2885300/Lead-vocal-level-in-recordings-of-popular-musichttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/986837[Fact Off]Water-based sound suppression systems for rocket launcheshttps://pubs.aip.org/asa/jasa/article/142/4_Supplement/2489/603382/Sixty-years-of-launch-vehicle-acousticshttps://www.nas.nasa.gov/SC15/demos/demo10.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/news-release/space-launch-systems-sound-suppression-system-final-test-at-kennedy/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X23003528Small tree crickets use leaves to amplify their chirps[Ask the Science Couch]Quietest period in history of the Earth (of all time & anthropocene)https://www.curtin.edu.au/news/media-release/earths-mid-life-crisis-new-research-backs-lull-geologic-record/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-017-0051-yhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000506?via%3Dihubhttps://www.technologyreview.com/2020/07/23/1005574/lockdown-was-the-longest-period-of-quiet-in-human-history/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd2438[Butt One More Thing]Unplanned 9/11 study shows whale poop stress levels associated with ship noise https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/unplanned-911-analysis-links-noise-whale-stress/2012/02/14/gIQAmQnlPR_story.htmlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.2429

Oil: it's a ubiquitous substance humans have been relying on for longer than you might think. We cook with it, we moisturize with it, we run machines with it - it keeps slipping into places we least expect to find it, for good and for ill... SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [The Gauntlet]Original Crisco oil plantCompany that produces CriscoProcess to turn liquid oil into solidFair Packaging and Labeling Act decadeUpton Sinclair bookTwo oils in modern CriscoKream Krisp vs. Crisco[Trivia Question]Value of Spanish extra virgin olive oil stolen in August 2023https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/19/olive-oil-prices-surge-over-100percent-leading-to-cooking-oil-thefts.htmlhttps://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spanish-police-seize-74-tonnes-stolen-olives-amid-soaring-prices-2023-10-06/[Fact Off]Russell Martin Bliss contaminated Times Beach, Missouri with waste oil to stop dustUsing human/animal hair to adsorb oil spillshttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/7/52https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213343715000330https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/04/980424032349.htmhttps://time.com/6262631/philippines-oil-spill-cleanup-hair/[Ask the Science Couch]Saturated/unsaturated fat chemistry and how they influence bloodstream lipidshttps://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/03%3A_Biological_Macromolecules/3.03%3A_Lipid_Molecules_-_Introduction#https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/how-its-made-cholesterol-production-in-your-bodyhttps://openheart.bmj.com/content/5/2/e000871[Butt One More Thing]Mineral oil used as a lubricant laxativehttps://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/laxative-oral-route/before-using/drg-20070683?p=1https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804525/

What's that you spy on the horizon, just out of sight? If you have a telescope handy, you can hone your gaze on...more telescopes! From pocket spyglasses to Extremely Large (a real telescope name), join us and special guest Julian Huguet as we set our sights on the far-reaching world of these incredible devices. How we wonder what they are...SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Truth or Fail]Finding llamas with telescope vibrationPredicting weather with telescopes and cloudsTracking bees with LIDAR[Trivia Question]Space Telescope Transporter for Air, Road, and Sea (or STTARS) length https://www.nasa.gov/universe/how-to-ship-the-worlds-largest-space-telescope-5800-miles-across-the-ocean/https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/follow-the-sttars-to-find-nasas-webb-telescope/[Fact Off]Artificial guide stars made from lasers for optical telescopes on Earth https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/811748https://www.llnl.gov/news/guide-star-leads-sharper-astronomical-imageshttps://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aot-2014-0025/htmlhttps://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1953PASP...65..229B&data_type=PDF_HIGHGravitational lensing and turning space itself into a telescope[Ask the Science Couch]The history of radio telescopes (first non-optical telescope)https://massivesci.com/articles/radio-astronomy-sagittarius-karl-jansky/https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2005ASPC..345....3Jhttps://public.nrao.edu/news/silent-as-the-night-why-radio-astronomy-doesnt-listen-to-the-skyhttps://science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves/[Butt One More Thing]Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) & Gamma-Ray Urgent Archiver for Novel Opportunities (GUANO)https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...900...35T/abstracthttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-047A

Click here to check out the limited-time-only Tangents t-shirt inspired by this episode! https://store.dftba.com/products/shirt-of-the-month-shrimp-batteryBatteries are all around us, in things we use all the time, and in all different shapes and sizes, so of course we know exactly how they all work, right? Nope! Not even close! The bizarre breadth of our battery banter includes Ben Franklin, tiny computers, and...shrimp? SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question]Oxford Electric Bell battery lifespanhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/52147/what%E2%80%99s-world%E2%80%99s-longest-running-science-experimenthttps://archwww.physics.ox.ac.uk/history/Exhibit1.htmlhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mystery-continuously-functioning-battery-1840-180954028/https://x.com/UniofOxford/status/1610593348464640001?s=20[Fact Off]Edible battery for sustainability (and maybe child safety)https://academic.oup.com/jimb/article/45/5/313/5996662https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/05/researchers-craft-a-fully-edible-battery/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36919977/https://www.popsci.com/technology/edible-battery-prototype/https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/ear-nose-and-throat/what-to-do-if-your-child-swallows-or-ingests-a-button-battery/#:~:text=Every%20year%2C%20about%202%2C500%20kids,stomach%2C%20it%20can%20be%20fatal.https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/08/31/491947946/how-an-edible-battery-could-power-medical-robots-you-swallowPlatypus electroreception study using batterieshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3945317/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-12-vw-18644-story.htmlhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/56002?typeAccessWorkflow=loginhttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/202/10/1447/8186/Electroreception-in-monotremes[Ask the Science Couch]Grid-scale storage with batterieshttps://www.iea.org/energy-system/electricity/grid-scale-storagehttps://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/74426.pdfhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032122001368https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X17304437https://www.science.org/content/article/new-generation-flow-batteries-could-eventually-sustain-grid-powered-sun-and-windhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032113005418?via%3Dihubhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rechargeable-molten-salt-battery-freezes-energy-in-place-for-long-term-storage/[Butt One More Thing]Microbial battery with exoelectrogens and poop waterhttps://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1307327110https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/19/4747532/scientists-use-poop-to-generate-electricity

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared!And so we close the ancient, flesh-bound spell book on another Trick or Treat Month... but we're going out on top, baby! Alexis Nikole Nelson has appeared, as if by magic, to lead us into the deep, dark woods and point out all the slimy, sticky, gross stuff on the ground that she says we can eat. I guess I trust her! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This or That]Round 1 - Blue glowing slimehttps://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/tube-worm-slime-displays-long-lasting-self-powered-glowhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103273/Round 2 - Eating parents’ slimehttps://animalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42523-023-00243-xhttps://www.wired.co.uk/article/caecilians-limbless-amphibian-skin-feeding-young-cloacahttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101029104603.htmhttps://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pmic.200500591Round 3 - Snottiteshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3246232/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/see-the-ugly-beauty-that-lives-in-a-toxic-caveRound 4 - Mating plughttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/218/9/1410/14572/Size-dependence-in-non-sperm-ejaculate-productionhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005596707591https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1564092/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mrd.22689[Trivia Tiebreaker]Hagfish slime on roadhttps://www.southernfriedscience.com/your-car-has-just-been-crushed-by-hagfish-frequently-asked-questions/[Ask the Science Couch]Slime molds and biocomputershttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/physarum-polycephalumhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55749-9https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755296/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12668-014-0156-3https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23713-slime-mould-could-make-memristors-for-biocomputers/https://techhq.com/2023/04/biocomputers-an-alternative-to-quantum-computing/[Butt One More Thing]Bird nestling fecal sac / mucus membrane https://www.audubon.org/news/what-are-fecal-sacs-bird-diapers-basicallyhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jav.00353

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared!Our yearly cavalcade of terror rolls on with a new Grand Marshall of Terror: podcaster, author, and mad genius Dan Schreiber! And he's here to tell us about the weirdest, creepiest, most otherworldly theories ever devised of! There are lots of science-y ideas out there, and not all of them can be right, after all!  SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]The Classification of Quasithin Groups page numberhttps://www.livescience.com/33628-funny-physics-theorems-names.htmlhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/researchers-race-to-rescue-the-enormous-theorem-before-its-giant-proof-vanishes/https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Classification_of_Quasithin_Groups.html?id=KC0ZAQAAIAAJhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20893-prize-awarded-for-largest-mathematical-proof/[Fact Off]Infinite monkey theorem test in a zoohttps://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PATENTS-IN-AN-ERA-OF-INFINITE-MONKEYS-AND-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE.pdfhttps://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2013/12/10/249726951/the-infinite-monkey-theorem-comes-to-lifehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3013959.stmhttps://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/may/09/science.artsNostradamus: predictions & jam & benzoic acid[Ask the Science Couch]Theory of mind & false belief testshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3629913/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/does-the-chimpanzee-have-a-theory-of-mind/1E96B02CD9850016B7C93BC6D2FEF1D0https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-18540-002https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_91[Butt One More Thing]Freudian developmental theory & the anal stagehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557526/

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared!This year's ghastly Grand Guignol of science and screams begins at the end: the tomb! And we dug up an old friend, Dimension 20's Siobhan Thompson, to guide us deep into the cursed catacombs of knowledge! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Visit HENSONSHAVING.com/TANGENTS to pick the razor for you and use code TANGENTS and you’ll get two years' worth of blades free! A big part of being a human is that you get progressively more gross as the day goes on. Various parts start stinking, hair grows all over your face, you're touching who-knows-what... luckily for all of us, someone a long time ago decided to invent hygiene! Otherwise we'd have to lick ourselves like cats!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Definition] History of hygiene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542893/ [Trivia Question] Pelagic thresher sharks visit blue-streaked cleaner wrasse stations https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0014755 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/sharks-rays-and-climate-change-impacts-habitat-prey-distribution-and-health [Fact Off] Bronze Age ivory lice comb with Canaanite language https://jjar.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/jjar/files/jjar2_art4_lachish_p76-119_2022-10-12_01.pdf https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/4000-year-old-head-lice-comb-found-inscribed-with-phrase-using-the-alphabet https://www.sciencenews.org/article/canaanite-comb-lice-israel-alphabet Tampon Task Force & menstrual hygiene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5436965/ https://catalystjournal.org/index.php/catalyst/article/view/28788/_9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYXUQDzSg4o&feature=youtu.be https://srh.bmj.com/content/early/2023/07/03/bmjsrh-2023-201895 https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/997629 [Ask the Science Couch] Antiperspirant aluminum compounds - how they work & are they harmful https://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i27/Deodorants-Antiperspirants.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3813027/ https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/features/antiperspirant-facts-safety https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-advertisers-convinced-americans-they-smelled-bad-12552404/ [Butt One More Thing] Mandrills teach their children hygienic behaviors to avoid peri-anal parasites https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2022.2349 https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/979546

Sam's out this week, but worry not: he found another Sam to replace him! Sam Jones, host of the podcast Tiny Matters that is! Sam and her co-host, our own Deboki Chakravarti, join Ceri and Hank in our first ever team-based episode of Tangents! Two teams enter, one team leaves! What more Tiny Matters? Check out the podcast here: https://www.acs.org/pressroom/tiny-matters.html! And check out Deboki at https://twitter.com/okidoki_boki , and Sam at https://twitter.com/samjscienceSciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail Express]Project Gasbuggy https://www.nytimes.com/1970/02/22/archives/project-gasbuggy-and-catch85-thats-krypton85-one-of-the-radioactive.htmlhttps://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,899941,00.htmlhttps://books.google.com/books?id=g9QDAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22project+gasbuggy%22&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=%22project%20gasbuggy%22&f=falseOperation Big Itchhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13623699908409460https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/biological/bigitch.pdfOperation North Pole (Project Cirrus)https://www.ge.com/news/reports/cool-science-vonnegut-ge-researchhttps://alachuacounty.us/Depts/epd/EPAC/General%20Electric%20History%20Of%20Project%20Cirrus%20July%201952%20ORIGINAL.pdfBrilliant Pebbleshttps://www.llnl.gov/archives/1980s/brilliant-pebbleshttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/clementine/in-depth/https://highfrontier.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-Brilliant-Pebbles-Baucom.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Smallest organisms: ultramicrobacteria and Candidate Phyla Radiationhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9297842/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0026261712040054https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC243725/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsme2/16/2/16_2_67/_articlehttps://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7372https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/02/27/ultra-small-bacteria/  [Butt One More Thing]Big-bottomed ants (Atta laevigata / hormiga culona) https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/big-bottomed-ants-hormigas-culonashttps://books.google.com/books?id=NebIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT187&lpg=PT187https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/da-tradurreformica-culona/

Head to factormeals.com/tangents50 and use code tangents50 to get 50% off! ----------------------------- Use promo code TANGENTS to get 50% off up to $10 value, when you spend $15 or more at convenience, grocery or retail stores on DoorDash. The universe is dusty AF, frankly. It's on your body, in every nook in cranny of your house, some planets are just made entirely of dust pretty much, and space is full of it! It's everywhere, so I guess we might as well learn something about it...SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Apollo 11 moon dust sample at auctionhttps://www.bonhams.com/auction/27937/lot/21/a-unique-opportunity-to-own-a-nasa-verified-piece-of-the-apollo-11-contingency-sample-5-scanning-electron-microscope-sem-aluminum-sample-stubs-each-topped-with-approximately-10-mm-diameter-carbon-tape-containing-apollo-moon-dust/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/apollo-11-lunar-dust-auction[Fact Off]Spiderwebs collecting microplastic dust as sensorshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722021015https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/spider-webs-record-severity-of-microplastic-pollution-in-cities/4015800.articlehttps://phys.org/news/2022-06-microplastics-spider-webs.htmlhttps://edu.rsc.org/science-research/spiderwebs-used-as-microplastic-pollution-screens/4016071.articlehttps://www.sciencealert.com/microplastics-are-so-pervasive-you-can-even-find-them-stuck-in-spider-websMartian concrete made from dust, blood, and urea (also potato starch and salt)https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/76/3/62/2868070/Building-on-Mars-with-human-blood-andhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006421000442https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EGUGA..20.4453Z/abstracthttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/982978https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/eng-2022-0390/html[Ask the Science Couch]House dust mite allergenshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11845577/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7464922/https://www.jacionline.org/article/0021-8707(67)90045-7/fulltext  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12016-018-8693-0[Butt One More Thing]Fecal dust air pollutant from cow and horse manurehttps://fee.org/articles/the-great-horse-manure-crisis-of-1894/https://99percentinvisible.org/article/cities-paved-dung-urban-design-great-horse-manure-crisis-1894/https://www.texasobserver.org/cafos-panhandle-tceq/