SciShow Tangents

Do you want to play a game? Well, we sure do! We're joined by Sam's dream guest Jo Firestone, a comedian, podcaster, and game author and enthusiast to celebrate the joy (and evil) of playing games, especially the games on Tangents! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail: Express]Researchers turned quitting smoking into competitive sporthttps://www.bu.edu/sph/news/articles/2024/novel-digital-pet-game-within-smoking-cessation-app-increases-user-engagement-with-apps-tools-to-quit-smoking/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37566442/Scientists watch a hydrogel play ponghttps://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/aug/22/scientists-enable-hydrogel-to-play-and-improve-at-pong-video-gamehttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1063433Bonus: Dead salmon FMRI studyhttps://www.psychology.mcmaster.ca/bennett/psy710/readings/BennettDeadSalmon.pdfOregon Trail decision model https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1063290[The Gauntlet]Game Boy Pocket Sonar accessoryhttps://www.outdoorlife.com/fishing/game-boy-fishing-sonar/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/21/nintendo-game-boy-25-facts-for-its-25th-anniversaryhttps://gameboy.fandom.com/wiki/Game_Boy_Pocket_SonarFoldit players solve puzzles with what moleculeshttps://fold.it/about_foldithttps://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/press-release/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/foldit-gamers-solve-riddle/AI neural network from floppy disk to electronic gamehttp://www.20q.net/?historyhttps://ecolloq.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/2006-Spring/announce.burgener.htmlhttps://openreview.net/pdf?id=FlR4WyubayyJenga name in Swahilihttps://www.ox.ac.uk/news/science-blog/jenga-tale-randomness-and-designhttps://www.museumofplay.org/toys/jenga/Candy Land disease epidemichttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/candy-land/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/history-disease-outbreaks-vaccine-timeline/poliohttps://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/07/how-polio-inspired-the-creation-of-candy-land/594424/Jeopardyhttps://www.chicagotribune.com/2007/03/19/jeopardy-has-first-3-way-tie/https://www.npr.org/2009/12/20/121664528/sing-muse-of-the-jeopardy-three-way-tiehttps://j-archive.com/showplayer.php?player_id=3578https://www.jeopardy.com/jbuzz/behind-scenes/breaking-down-four-rare-jeopardy-scenarios100% win rate from high-speed robothttps://ishikawa-vision.org/fusion/Janken/index-e.html[Ask the Science Couch]Game replayability reasons, impacts, and areas of future researchhttps://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED596614.pdfhttps://www.firstpersonscholar.com/the-games-people-replay/https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/3135888/293191.pdfhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1875952121000574https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X22002652https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1155/2024/5876780Patreon bonus: Gamification, another facet of motivation psychologyhttps://academictechnologies.it.miami.edu/support/course-design-assistance/game-based-learning/index.htmlhttps://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1475760/1/gamification_CHI2016_preprint.pdfhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1875952119300953https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921023255https://online.nursing.georgetown.edu/blog/how-to-stop-procrastinating-there-is-a-science-to-it/https://mcgraw.princeton.edu/undergraduates/resources/resource-library/understanding-and-overcoming-procrastination[Butt One More Thing]Original inventor of Scrabble was named Alfred Mosher Buttshttps://time.com/archive/6909539/scrabble/https://www.museumofplay.org/toys/scrabble/

Is all life predestined, or is existence blown about by the whims of entropy? If we restarted the universe with the same world generating seed a la Minecraft, would it all play out the same??? These are ginormous questions that we do not get into in this episode! Instead, we're examining slightly more manageable examples of randomness in nature, in computing, and even in ourselves. SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[The Scientific Definition]The Lost Boarding Pass Problemhttps://www.varsity.co.uk/science/23162The Secretary Problemhttps://www2.math.upenn.edu/~ted/210F10/References/Secretary.pdfhttps://slate.com/technology/2014/12/the-secretary-problem-use-this-algorithm-to-determine-exactly-how-many-people-you-should-assess-before-making-a-new-hire-or-choosing-a-life-partner.htmlThe Sleeping Beauty Problemhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cW27QJYNXtUhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-sleeping-beauty-problem-is-keeping-mathematicians-awake/[Trivia Question]Sum of numbers on a D120 vertex where 10 faces meethttps://www.wired.com/2016/05/mathematical-challenge-of-designing-the-worlds-most-complex-120-sided-dice/[Fact Off]Fastest computer worm in history was the random-scanning worm called Slammer (aka the Sapphire Worm) https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~savage/papers/IEEESP03.pdfhttps://www.science.org/content/article/fastest-worm-everhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1523881Effectiveness of randomly promoting employees in a business instead of promoting by merit[Ask the Science Couch]Humans are (maybe) bad at intuitively understanding or predicting randomnesshttps://cocosci.princeton.edu/tom/papers/hard.pdfhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5215234/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5933241/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010027717302895https://zhaolab.psych.ubc.ca/pdfs/Zhao_2014_JEPHPP.pdfPatreon bonus: pseudorandom number generators and randomization seedshttps://www.random.org/randomness/https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/pseudorandom_number_generatorhttps://www.acsac.org/2003/papers/79.pdfhttps://www.fourmilab.ch/hotbits/[Butt One More Thing]Dung beetles that attach themselves to butts to find poop non-randomlyhttps://www.sfzoo.org/dung-beetle/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19169550/

Hello Tangents listeners! We are off this week to rest up and enjoy the holidays, so in place of a regular episode we have a super special treat from friends of the show that we're excited to share! We're dropping an episode of a new podcast series from Chalk and Blade Productions called "Our Big Shot."What if we could build a disease free world? Well, we almost have. We are at a point in history where we have a Big Shot to make that happen. Dr Seema Yasmin, expert in disease control, brings you the stories of disease eradication, and the pioneers who can tell us how to finish the journey. These conversations will make you smarter, entertain and surprise you, and give you hope for the future of humanity.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

One year passes, another is just around the bend, so let's look back on the top 6 Tangents episodes of 2024!! From intriguing topics to spooky mystery guests, this compilation truly summarizes a wild, wonderful year for Tangents. We hope you enjoy reminiscing with us, and we look forward to all that's ahead! Original episodes: 6. Feathers - airdate March 19, 20245. Glue - airdate May 14, 20244. Cheese - airdate February 6, 2024 3. Garbage - airdate March 5, 2024 2. Roller Coasters - airdate September 17, 2024 1. Caves - airdate October 1, 2024 Sources for each episode can be found in the descriptions of the original episodes on your preferred podcasting platform.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Is a dream really a wish your heart makes? Or is it just that your brain is an organ that never really turns off? What do your dreams even mean??? These are just some of the perplexing questions this episode posed to us and our special return guest, Trace Dominguez!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Definition]https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2814941/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-control-dreams/  [The Scientific Definition]Dreambookshttps://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/67/vandegrift.php#:~:text=Popular%20in%20Europe%20since%20antiquity,game%20then%20sweeping%20Northeastern%20cities.https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092158/http://www.eastm.org/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/146/134https://www.obafemio.com/uploads/5/1/4/2/5142021/dream_interpretation_in_ancient_china.pdfIncubationhttps://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft5j49p06s&chunk.id=d0e2624&toc.id=&brand=ucpress#:~:text=Common%20throughout%20all%20antiquity%2C%20the,some%20divinely%20inspired%20dream%20vision.https://www.britannica.com/topic/dream-sleep-experience/Dreams-as-a-source-of-divination#ref984709https://www.dreamscience.ca/en/documents/New%20content/incubation/Incubation%20overview%20for%20website%20updated.pdfOminous-Vapor Watcherhttps://www.obafemio.com/uploads/5/1/4/2/5142021/dream_interpretation_in_ancient_china.pdfhttps://www.britannica.com/topic/Zhouli[Trivia Question]Rapid eye movement (REM) saccade speedhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780080450469010895https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01551.xhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03008.xhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9406327/[Fact Off]Approximating dreams with generative AIhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/heres-how-ai-could-soon-decode-your-dreamsLucid dreaming and the effects of video games on dreamshttps://academic.oup.com/nc/article/2017/1/nix009/3859602https://theconversation.com/im-a-lucid-dream-researcher-heres-how-to-train-your-brain-to-do-it-118901https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-00817-001https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F1053-0797.16.2.96https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-00817-001https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-19013-002https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/21/5330636/video-games-effect-on-dreams[Ask the Science Couch]Neuroscience of fever dreams https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3830719/https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/IJoDR/article/view/28492https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6997236/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033318268718077?via%3Dihubhttps://www.accjournal.org/journal/view.php?number=1528 Patreon bonus: Recurring dream content and possible psychologyhttps://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-23497-001https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Antonio-Zadra/publication/232509978_Recurrent_dreams_Their_relation_to_life_events/links/53d673f10cf220632f3da1f7/Recurrent-dreams-Their-relation-to-life-events.pdf  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810005000772?casa_token=Dofy4I_w2PsAAAAA:DdZ6qAtKJiS6OEE3Iu8pETHldBs5n1SH3lvSQl6WuCNVv9Xi8v09wuR9bWki5YROcyKWXAZ3CcN3https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01812/fullhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.134.12.1335[Butt One More Thing]Psychoanalyst Hans Thorner documenting a patient who dreamed of butt spidershttps://bgsp.edu/app/uploads/2014/12/Blechner-M-Patients-dreams-and-the-countertransference.pdfhttps://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429477546-12/three-defences-inner-persecution-hans-thorner

Now you see it, now you don't - this episode is a true trick for the senses as we uncover the hidden wonders of Camouflage! From human ingenuity (?) to animal creativity, misdirection and subterfuge abound in this episode, so keep your eyes peeled, it's not one you'll want to miss!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Disappearing Acts]Stripes painted on ships and planesPainting planes pinkYehudi lights on planeshttps://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol19/tnm_19_171-192.pdfhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1634902/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/552503/the-secret-lives-of-color-by-kassia-st-clair/https://books.google.com/books?id=heS0lbYrpAwC&pg=PA56&dq=yehudi+lights&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHg8TLg6KJAxX5DkQIHUDFHHcQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=yehudi%20lights&f=falsehttps://books.google.com/books?id=DUkl5bH6k6EC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698902002675#:~:text=In%20the%20Purkinje%20shift%2C%20the,versus%20red%20into%20apparent%20motion.[Trivia Question]Color combinations of Bargibant's pygmy seahorseshttps://www.fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-bargibantihttps://oceana.org/marine-life/pygmy-seahorse/https://owlcation.com/stem/Camouflage-in-Animals-Pygmy-Seahorses[Fact Off]Trashline orb-weaver spiders that build self-portraits for camouflage https://web.archive.org/web/20160829062900/http://blog.perunature.com:80/2012/12/new-species-of-decoy-spider-likely.htmlhttps://phys.org/news/2012-12-species-spider-fake-decoys.htmlhttps://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/trashline-orbweavershttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/article-abstract/10/4/372/2252323Picture examples of stabilimenta: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StabilimentumTricking mice with scent camouflage by adding too much wheat smellhttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abe4164https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01127-3https://www.sciencenews.org/article/camouflaging-wheat-smell-pest-control[Ask the Science Couch]Color-changing biology in invertebrates like octopuses vs. vertebrates like chameleonshttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5804272/https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7368https://link.springer.com/article/10.1039/c0pp00199fhttps://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/how-octopuses-and-squids-change-colorhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2936158/Patreon bonus: Non-visual-spectrum camouflage or other senses https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.860137https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2008.0228https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00049-004-0274-4https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183[Butt One More Thing]Caterpillars, spiders, and moths that camouflage themselves as bird poophttps://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/citrus/giantswallowtail.htmhttps://nhpbs.org/natureworks/viceroy.htmhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28124-zoologger-a-spider-that-looks-and-smells-like-bird-droppings/https://australian.museum/learn/animals/spiders/bird-dropping-spider/https://boingboing.net/2019/11/14/macrocilix-maia-a-moth-that-e.html

From one to four to none at all, stomachs enjoy a stunning variety across all the creatures who have (or don't have) them. And with our stomachs all happily full of spooky month treats, we thought it was the perfect time to learn all about this weird, wobbly, wonderful organ.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Stomachs ROCK]Bird with over 1% of their total body weight of gastrolithsAquatic animal helps control buoyancy by swallowing silt Animal eats its exoskeleton that stores calcium in stomachhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342792/#bib0037https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6549149_No_gastric_mill_in_sauropod_dinosaurs_New_evidence_from_analysis_of_gastrolith_mass_and_function_in_ostricheshttps://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/2110https://www.jstor.org/stable/4098635https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26818557/[Trivia Question]Mammal species without stomachshttps://www.livescience.com/41661-why-platypus-wont-regain-stomach.htmlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2013.2669https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-the-platypus-and-a-quarter-of-fishes-lost-their-stomachshttps://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/obl4he/vertebratediversity/monotremes.htmlhttps://m.youtube.com/watch?v=A5Rzx7yeh7c[Fact Off]Ghost crabs use their stomach teeth (gastric mills) to growlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1161https://www.science.org/content/article/listen-ghost-crab-frighten-away-enemies-its-stomach-rumbleshttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/sep/11/ghost-crabs-use-teeth-in-stomachs-to-growl-at-predatorsSomeone ate a shrew to study what human digestion does to rodent bones [Ask the Science Couch]Borborygmus and the biology of stomach rumbles  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-your-stomach-gro/https://www.etymonline.com/word/borborygmushttps://www.nature.com/articles/nrgastro.2012.57https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2015Patreon bonus: Stomach and brain communication for hunger/satiety (or other things) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174087/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555906/https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2003https://www.livescience.com/health/food-diet/does-it-really-take-20-minutes-to-realize-youre-fullhttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693111[Butt One More Thing]Florida carpenter ants swallow their own formic acid to help protect their stomachshttps://elifesciences.org/articles/60287https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/491275

There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...Alas, our frightful fiends and friends, Spooky Month has nearly run its course - but not until we go out with a bang with our final ghoulish guest, Tom Lum! Join as we dare to tread amongst the creatures who belong to the night...nocturnal animals!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Boys’ Night Out]Male animals float and call out to femaleshttps://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Pseudis_paradoxa%20-%20Paradoxical%20Frog.pdfAnimals in ritualistic sparring matches for several hourshttps://echidnawalkabout.com.au/how-kangaroos-fight/Patrolling perimeter and building up poop pileshttps://www.britannica.com/animal/kiwi-birdhttps://www.livescience.com/57813-kiwi-facts.html[Truth or Fail Express]Hedgehogs inflate like a balloonhttps://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-68833432https://www.livescience.com/59994-balloon-syndrome-hedgehog.htmlBandicoots spin to defend themselves https://crashbandicoot.fandom.com/wiki/Spinhttps://www2.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/native-animals/native-animal-facts/land-mammals/bandicootsTasmanian devils are soothed by musichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducking_the_Devilhttps://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/tasmanian-devilhttps://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2017/08/native-animals-should-be-renamed-with-their-aboriginal-names/Pygmy tarsiers / gremlins rotating their headshttps://www.wired.com/2015/01/absurd-creature-of-the-week-tarsier/https://primate.wisc.edu/primate-info-net/pin-factsheets/pin-factsheet-tarsier/[Ask the Science Couch]Vitamin D chemistry and nocturnal animalshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56061/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538717/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761812/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12899852/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00722.xhttps://www.mdpi.com/2571-841X/3/1/1 Patreon bonus: Teenage humans sleeping habits shifted towards nighthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820578/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/07420528.2023.2265480https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/10/among-teens-sleep-deprivation-an-epidemic.htmlhttps://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/134/3/642/74175/School-Start-Times-for-Adolescentshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6084759/[Butt One More Thing]Bats with false butts (but some sort of muscle)https://www.instagram.com/batworldsanctuary/p/DAbKf45RDjW/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mexican_free-tailed_bat_(8006850693).jpg

There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...Our next shocking mystery friend to join us is none other than Dylan Marron! Tread the floorboards of Tangents Manor with us in pursuit of the truth behind fortune-telling and future-predicting as we examine Psychics! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Crystal Ball]Weather forecast predictionshttps://www.noaa.gov/stories/6-tools-our-meteorologists-use-to-forecast-weatherhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-you-trust-farmers-almanacs-weather-predictions/Flu shot planninghttps://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccine-selection.htmShort-term volcanic eruption predictionhttps://volcano.si.edu/faq/index.cfm?question=eruptionforecasthttps://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/24650/chapter/6[The Scientific Definition]Spirit trumpethttps://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-SPR-TRUMPET/1https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/spirit-trumpets-dead-speakhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/for-harry-houdini-seances-and-spiritualism-were-just-an-illusion-180978944/The Barnum effecthttp://apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC621/Forer_The%20fallacy%20of%20personal%20validation_1949.pdfhttps://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810104425651https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00271.xhttps://psycnet.apa.org/record/1977-21271-001Table-turninghttps://fisherdigitus.library.utoronto.ca/exhibits/show/psychical-research-collection/tabletalkingandtableturning/tabletalkingandtableturningboohttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-52954-2_6https://www.ria.ie/blog/table-turning-a-victorian-fad/[Ask the Science Couch]Neuroscience or psychology explanations for deja vu https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-005-0677-3https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251874/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1053810012000049https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420423/https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/the-psychology-of-deja-vu.htmlhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/deja-vuPatreon bonus: Brain-computer interfaces and using technology to detect thoughtshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497935/https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/21/8639905/brain-control-robot-arm-paralyzed-quadriplegichttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaa5417https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/5/4/23708162/neurotechnology-mind-reading-brain-neuralink-brain-computer-interfacehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01304-9[Butt One More Thing]Scatomancy pseudoscience vs. fecal tests run by gastroenterologistshttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/scatomancer_n_4309974https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000704.htmhttps://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/how-know-your-colon-healthy

There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...In our first Spooky Month episode we dare to venture into the cold, dark world of caves. Joining us on our search for hidden knowledge deep within the earth is the estimably terrifying Brennan Lee Mulligan! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Deep Trouble]Optymistychna Cave in UkrainePlura Cave in NorwayVeryovkina Cave in Georgia (the country)https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36097300https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/veryovkina-cave-deepesthttps://mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals-database/gypsum/https://saltworkconsultants.com/downloads/31.%20Dissolution%202-%20Caves.pdfhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/262182704_Fractal_dimensions_of_cave_for_exemplary_gypsum_cave-mazes_of_Western_Ukrainehttps://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/10413?locale-attribute=en https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-97292-3_9 https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2499&context=ijs[The Gauntlet]Madagascar cave graveyardArmenia wine caveBosnia & Herzegovina cave barely moving animalDevil’s Hole cave in NevadaCheese storage caves in the U.S.Mexico cave with giant formations[Ask the Science Couch]Science of cave climate in cheese/wine production https://www.wineenthusiast.com/culture/wine/underground-wine-caves-good/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214289419306088#https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/missouri-cheese-caves-historyhttps://www.snopes.com/fact-check/us-stockpile-cheese-missouri-caves/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213329116300260Patreon bonus: “Subsurface access points” or caves in non-Earth places like the Moon and Marshttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/astrogeology-science-center/news/caves-across-solar-systemhttps://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/what-we-do/applications/subsurface-access/https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/lunar-pits-could-shelter-astronauts-reveal-details-of-how-man-in-the-moon-formed/  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02302-y.epdf [Butt One More Thing]Indigenous Caribbean cave art from 1200-1400s, carved from moonmilk or painted using guano compoundshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440317301413?via%3Dihubhttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-05389-8

Get ready for a stomach-turning, heart-pounding, gravity-defying thrill ride as we plummet down, up, and all around the amazing world of roller coasters! We're joined by legendary podcaster, YouTuber, and roller coaster fanatic Tom Scott who wows us with his encyclopedic knowledge of these engineering marvels. So take a deep breath, strap in, and keep all your limbs inside the ride until the episode comes to a complete stop! Oh, and have fun!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: All Downhill from Here]https://www.goldreefcity.co.za/theme-park/rides-and-attractions/tower-of-terror/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170005323/downloads/20170005323.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663089/https://www.ferrariworldabudhabi.com/en/rides/formula-rossa/worlds-fastest-rollercoasterhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8pJiV44hVMhttps://www.iaapa.org/news/funworld/tmnt-shellraiserhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3281645/https://www.powermotiontech.com/hydraulics/accumulators/article/21883506/want-thrills-go-with-hydraulics[Trivia Question]Annual deaths in roller coaster accidents in the United Stateshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1730261https://www.weather.gov/safety/lightning-victimshttps://www.cpsc.gov/cgibin/NEISSQuery/Data/Info%20Docs/2023%20NEISS%20Coding%20Manual.pdf​​https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2023-Fireworks-Annual-Report.pdf?VersionId=61twx_Y4c5dkn6MhfDIT7QhGg2T6Gf1qhttps://www.uspa.org/discover/faqs/safety[Fact Off]Riding roller coasters can help reduce perception of breathlessness/dyspneahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005796706001653https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954611106003209https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1191/1479972306cd110ra?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmedRiding in the back of Big Thunder Mountain Railroad can help dislodge kidney stones[Ask the Science Couch]Roller coaster stomach drop feeling and the enteric nervous systemhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7495222/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367209/https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/good-question-why-does-your-stomach-drop-on-a-roller-coaster/https://www.visitkingsisland.com/blog/2020/may/roller-coaster-terminology-101Patreon bonus: Motion sickness and relation to agehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539706/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4906308/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11135238/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6241144/[Butt One More Thing]Dog-fart-themed steel roller coaster in Denmark’s BonBon-Landhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/624229/take-virtual-ride-hundeprutterutchebane-denmarks-infamous-dog-fart-rollercoasterhttps://www.southzealand-mon.com/BonBon-Land

The knowledge of our couch of finely-honed scientific minds didn't pop out of the ground fully-formed - it had to be planted, tended, and grown lovingly over a long period of time to flower into the beautiful curiosity tree it is today. But like so much of life, it started as just a tiny, humble seed - which is super convenient for the topic of this episode!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Definition]https://www.nybg.org/planttalk/what-is-a-seed/https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2020.00027https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/female-gametophytehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/male-gametophyte[This or That: Seed Numbers]25: seed weight or germination time2000: preserved species or oldest germinated seed385 million: individual Amazonian trees or oldest seed-producing fossilized planthttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2012/687832https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/12/chap5.htmhttps://www.seedvault.no/about/the-seeds/https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1153600https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/708279https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309767/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1102491https://web.archive.org/web/20130608110356/http://sura.ots.ac.cr/local/florula3/docs/Hura.pdfhttps://www.britannica.com/story/can-apple-seeds-kill-you[Trivia Question]2024 record for smallest creature to disperse ingested seeds https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1042977https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.10519https://bantam.earth/common-rough-woodlouse-porcellio-scaber/[Fact Off]HybriBots are a cyborg way to plant seeds, made from wild oats and human-made capsuleshttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202313906  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34506974/Video of wild oat fruits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlUparIDfzEHuman urine does not protect acorns against predation by the wood mouse[Ask the Science Couch]Heirloom seeds and non-recently-hybridized plant cultivars (vs. hybrids vs. genetic modifications)https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/heirloom-vegetables/https://extension.illinois.edu/sites/default/files/dkk-mg-seed-swap-hybrid-heirloom.pdfhttps://ag.umass.edu/home-lawn-garden/fact-sheets/heirloom-vegetable-varietieshttps://extension.illinois.edu/node/21430https://hles.unl.edu/translating-language-seed-packets-hybrid-heirloom-non-gmo-and-morehttps://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/gmo-crops-animal-food-and-beyondPatreon bonus: How seeds germinate and seeds that grow better after being digestedhttps://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/462https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00973.xhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1433831904700104https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.1667[Butt One More Thing]Mysterious tomato plant on the volcanic island Surtsey came from a seed in human poophttps://www.icelandreview.com/news/dirty-secret-uncovered-doing-business-surtsey/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1267/

Here in the remote vistas of the Tangents jungle, observe a group of mighty science communicators expertly stalking their primary prey: knowledge. Ever so tantalizing to behold, knowledge lounges in the shade of a fern, oblivious to the danger sneaking up behind it, ready to strike at a moment's notice! Truly, these must be the most fearsome of all predators!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Munch Squad]Barnacle and crab-eating animal in North American oceansBird-eating ungulate in captivity Small mammal that ate raptor’s meat meal instead of being eatenhttps://new.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/29-01_Courbis.pdfhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/340941147_Do_lowland_tapirs_Tapirus_terrestris_eat_meat_Evidence_of_carnivory_in_a_large_South_American_herbivorehttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10344-015-0980-yhttps://bioone.org/journals/annals-of-the-entomological-society-of-america/volume-105/issue-1/AN11057/Opportunistic-Carnivory-by-Romalea-microptera-Orthoptera-Acrididae/10.1603/AN11057.short[Fact Off]Late-stage bamboo shark embryos have electroreception within their egg case Collaborative hunting gestures in coral reef residents (e.g. groupers or coral trout and moray eels)https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040431https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2781https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(14)00885-9https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2013/04/24/groupers-use-gestures-to-recruit-morays-for-hunting-team-ups/[Ask the Science Couch]Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of pollutants in the food web (including humans)https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/toxic-killer-whaleshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722022549  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212926/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021002671https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-013-1722-xhttps://www.acs.org/pressroom/tiny-matters/plastic-micro-plastic-everywhere-what-does-it-do-and-why-should-we-care.htmlPatreon bonus: Sharks have cartilaginous skeletons https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557576/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944200606000080?via%3Dihubhttps://magazine.scienceconnected.org/2015/12/preserving-soft-skeleton-backs-without-bones/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jfb.14444https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/221/24/jeb188318/20570/Mechanical-behavior-of-shark-vertebral-centra-at[Butt One More Thing]Coprolites show that Smok wawelski (an archosaur from the Late Triassic) was eating boneshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37540-4https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/838032

For those who want a megadose of Tangents shenanigans, this compilation is for you! In the many seasons of Tangents we've covered lots of interconnected topics, and now you can listen to them back-to-back like the best podcast many-feature ever. This compilation has been handcrafted from premium ingredients, sifted and whisked together with care, and baked to podcast easy listening perfection. Bon Appetite! Original episodes: S1 E5 - Eggs, original airdate: December 11, 2018 S2 E18 - Sugar, original airdate: March 10, 2020 S2 E26 - Salt, original airdate: May 5, 2020 S2 E38 - Milk, original airdate: August 18, 2020 S3 E44 - Yeast, original airdate: January 18, 2022 Sources for each episode can be found in the descriptions of the original episodes. Want more SciShow Tangents? Check out hundreds more episodes of our podcast here: https://scishow-tangents.simplecast.com, or wherever you get your podcasts! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to find great SciShow Tangents merch! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

From our episode on Sweat, here's Ceri's brilliant rendition of "Why Do We Sweat?" This song is a parody of Rusted Root's "Send Me On My Way."Lyrics: Ceri RileyMusic: Joseph "Tuna" Metesh

Some are itchy, some are painful, some go totally unnoticed by us every single day...bugs have such variety in the ways they chomp, some chomps aren't even from bug mouths, but from bug butts! Join us while we debate, query, and learn all we can about the wide world of bug bites.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: These Ouches Are No Slouches]https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cla.12103https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/10878/sting-wild[Trivia Question]Size of giant toe-biting water bugs found in Cyprushttps://travaux.pensoft.net/article/94457/https://www.livescience.com/animals/insects/giant-toe-biter-water-bugs-discovered-in-cyprus-for-the-1st-timehttps://blog.abchomeandcommercial.com/do-water-bugs-bite/https://cyprus-mail.com/2024/03/20/massive-bug-sighted-keep-your-toes-out-of-the-water/[Fact Off]Epomis beetle larvae and adults eat frogs as role-reversal predatorshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025161Bumble bees bite plant leaves to make them flower earlyhttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aay0496https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bumblebees-bite-plants-to-force-them-to-flower-seriously/https://wisconsinbumblebees.entomology.wisc.edu/about-bumble-bees/life-cycle-and-development/https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/67/17/4925/2197656[Ask the Science Couch]Causes of itchiness and how calamine lotion / zinc oxide workshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4862869/https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/how-stop-bug-bites-itchinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9532860/https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02090/fullhttps://jsstd.org/calamine-lotion/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4120804/Patreon bonus: Bugs with big mandibles or bite marks (even if they rarely bite humans)https://pukaha.org.nz/the-wacky-world-of-new-zealand-weta/https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/2995https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/stag-beetles.htmlhttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/217/7/1065/13119/Biomechanical-determinants-of-bite-forcehttps://www.nps.gov/articles/giant-water-bug.htm[Butt One More Thing]Beaded lacewing (Lomamyia latipennis) larvae paralyze termites with farts before eating themhttps://www.wired.com/2015/06/silent-deadly-fatal-farts-immobilize-prey/https://www.nature.com/articles/289506a0

Woo boy! It's hot out there, why don't ya grab a nice glass of ice cold lemonade and listen in on everything you did and didn't want to learn about sweat. Are humans the sweatiest of them all? Do fish sweat? What lives in the ecosystem between two people holding hands for the first time? What is it all even for!??SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! Sources: [Truth or Fail]Sweat sucking spiders supplementing salts Polar bears follow sweaty paw paths in search for loveA new bacteria-infecting cure for extra stinky sweaty feet [Trivia Question]NASA’s ECOSTRESS measures evapotranspiration aka plant sweatinghttps://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ecosystem-spaceborne-thermal-radiometer-experiment-on-space-station-ecostresshttps://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/watching-plants-water-use-is-no-sweat-for-ecostress[Fact Off]Charles Blagden experiments with “super-sauna” that cooked steak but made humans sweathttps://publicdomainreview.org/collection/experiments-and-observations-in-a-heated-room-1774/https://www.jstor.org/stable/106218?seq=1https://royalsociety.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/Antiperspirant made with propylene glycol that evaporates your sweat before it leaves the ducts [Ask the Science Couch]Non-water stuff in eccrine sweat (salt, urea, hormones, etc.)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773238/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12817713/https://www.penn.museum/sites/bulletin/1733/https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa048-02_macdonald.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5941775/Patreon bonus: Effects of stress/emotion on sweat composition and smellhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00387.xhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518869/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9246182/[Butt One More Thing]Treating hyperhidrosis in the perianal region with botoxhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8436621/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11172190/

This summer's hottest North American bug is without question, the cicada. They've got everything: neon-colored wing veins, bendy-straw-style exoskeletons, an insatiable thirst for tree goo, and after 17 years of napping, they're bursting out of the ground ready to par-tay!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This or That: Cicadas or the Beatles]https://www.science.org/content/article/secret-cicadas-chirphttps://cicadas.uconn.edu/behavior/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/698019Algorithm to measure song changes over timehttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/500262https://www.science.org/content/article/computer-charts-evolution-beatlesTest signals in fiber optic cableshttps://entomologytoday.org/2023/12/04/broadband-buzz-periodical-cicadas-chorus-measured-fiber-optic-cables/https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article/23/6/3/7425398?login=falseFemale flies responding to songshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932889/https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/cicadas-are-the-barry-white-of-the-insect-world/Eroom’s Law principle related to drug developmenthttps://www.science.org/content/blog-post/eroom-s-lawhttps://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bmb.21617https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroom%27s_law[Trivia Question]Bird hunting caterpillars on emergence and non-emergence yearshttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi7426https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/24148209/cicadas-2024-periodical-brood-eat-ecosystem-impact[Fact Off]Brown bears digging up cicada nymphs in Japanese human-planted forestshttps://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/86161https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjz-2020-0222https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.4266https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1036064Cicadas pee in a very mammal-like streamhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-cicadas-power-spray-their-pee/[Ask the Science Couch]Cicada sound production using the tymbal, stridulation, or wing impactshttps://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4279https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/198/4/1001/6996/The-Role-of-the-Tymbal-in-Cicada-Sound-Productionhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118554https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/151/1/41/5697/Do-Cicadas-Radiate-Sound-through-their-Ear-DrumsPatreon bonus: Periodical cicadas emerge after 13 or 17 (prime numbers) yearshttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2406585https://www.livescience.com/14238-southern-cicadas-emerge-exact-prime-number-cycles.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2690011/https://cicadas.uconn.edu/[Butt One More Thing]Cicada nymph anal liquid is adhesive and mucus-likehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044523104700686https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2rax3CKoj8

It wouldn't be Pride at Tangents if we weren't getting into some science! We're joined by Owen Ever and Laine Kaplan-Levenson, the hosts of a new show from news outlet Canadaland called "Field Guide to Gay Animals." Our conversation ranged far and wide across a myriad of ways queerness is expressed in the animal world and the challenges and joys of studying it. SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Truth or Fail Express]Sequentially hermaphroditic shrimphttps://sites.lsa.umich.edu/eeblog/2020/12/01/sequential-hermaphroditism-or-why-to-be-wary-of-frog-dna/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oceans-rising-acidity-could-impact-shrimps-early-sex-reversal-180972521/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218238https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355179232_Protandric_Transcriptomes_to_Uncover_Parts_of_the_Crustacean_Sex-Differentiation_PuzzleNudibranch with male and female sex organshttps://www.livescience.com/27065-sea-slug-uses-disposable-penis.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639767/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-018-0562-z?wtSparrows with white or tan stripes and functionally four gendershttps://www.audubon.org/news/the-fascinating-and-complicated-sex-lives-white-throated-sparrowshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7725849/[This or That: Bird or Bug?]Male-male duo that dances together to attract a mate (blue-backed manakin)https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51171525#page/225/mode/1uphttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/18/1/21/209396Male-male pair that takes over a male-female pair’s nest (Japanese termites)https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/680968https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347216301233Mating-related injuries on both male and female specimens (dragonflies)https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16252041#page/48/mode/1up[Ask the Science Couch]History of sexual diversity in animals documented or not in zoology (e.g. Adelie penguins)https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/1/6568055https://www.penguinscience.com/reprints/10%20Russell.pdfhttp://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/pdf-77304-13455?filename=Same_sex%20sexual%20behaviour.pdf[Butt One More Thing]Aristotle’s History of Animals mentions female pigeons laying wind-eggs after same-sex sexual behaviorhttps://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.6.vi.htmlhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/found-an-egg-with-no-yolk

It's all right there on the tin - this episode is BANANAS. And not just because we have the most guests we've ever had in Tangents history. Not even just because one of them is a super special surprise RETURN friend of the pod. And not even because we check out some flowers that are way more uncomfortable to look at than you think. No, this episode is bananas because we're talking about (you guessed it) bananas!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail Express]Banana peel pastahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022023325https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220809141224.htmBanana peel perfume adherenthttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132323007679https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021229177&origin=inward&txGid=4b400d048de28231cfb5cce2c0ee924aBanana peel water filtrationhttps://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2011/acs-presspac-april-13-2011/banana-peels-get-a-second-life-as-water-purifier.htmlhttps://www.livescience.com/13276-banana-peels-filter-toxic-metals.htmlhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ie101499e[This or That: Yellow or Not Yellow?]Banana fiddler crabhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-020-02899-wImage: https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/753425Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Austruca_mjoebergi_coenobita.jpgBanana galaxies https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15232Nokia 8110 aka the “banana phone” https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/nokia-8110https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/hmd-global-nokia-8110-4gImage: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110.jpgImage of 4G: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110_4G.png[Ask the Science Couch]Commercial banana cultivar genetics and Fusarium wilt or other disease riskshttps://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-abstract/4/1/87/588827https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154448https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/31/6/article-p838.xmlhttps://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/11/462375558/our-favorite-banana-may-be-doomed-can-new-varieties-replace-ithttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01670-6[Butt One More Thing]Honey bee alarm pheromones contain the banana flavor isoamyl acetatehttps://www.nature.com/articles/1951018b0https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2017.2653